132 GI Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

most common causes of food-borne illnesses in US - bacterial? parasite? viral?

A

Campylobacteria (bacterial)

Giardia lamblia (parasite)

noroviruses (viral)

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2
Q

inflammatory diarrhea vs noninflammatory diarrhea

A

inflamm - mucous or blood from mucosa tissue destruction by pathogen;RBC, WBC + fever + incubation period of 2-4 days

noninflamm - watery stool without blood; due to toxins/virus NOT invasion into musosa; shorter incubation (1-12 hours); No fever

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3
Q

noninflammatory diarrhea - most common causes

A
vibro cholerae
Enterotoxigenic E Coli
Clostridium
Bacilius cereus
Staph Aureus
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Giardia
Crytpsporidium
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4
Q

vibro cholerae - shape/appearance? where does it live in environment? What are the types?

A

gram negative rod (“comma shaped”)

salt water in marine crustaceans

2 biotypes - El Tor (less severe) and Classic

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5
Q

cholera toxin - what encodes? what type of toxin? what does it increase in the cell? what does this activate?

A

encoded by phage

AB toxins (A is active, B is binding subunit)

activates enzyme increasing cAMP

activates CFTR channel –> increased Cl secretion and decreased Na uptake

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6
Q

cholera - clinical disease; death? how acquired? stool appearace? fever? oxidase +/-? treatment?

A

severe dehydration and death in 12 hours –> need massive amount of IV fluid

acquired via raw fish or water

stool is watery with mucus flecks

negative fever

oxidase+

IV + antibiotics

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7
Q
Clostridium perfringens 
appearance/stain?
symptoms?
duration?
treatment?
A

Anaerobic gram + bacillus

food poisoning –> diarrhea + cramping without vomiting

<24 hours - self limited

dont need antibiotics

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8
Q
Bacillus cereus
appearance/stain?
toxins?
found in what?
length?
treatment?
A

Gram + rod

2 toxins –> vomitting + watery diarrhea

toxins found in rice

< 24 hours –> dont need antibiotics

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9
Q
Staph Aureus
causes what?
symptoms and length?
found in what?
treatment?
A

food poisoning from heat stable toxins (A–>E)

cause wide spread outbreaks

vomiting + diarrhea < 10 hours

creams, potato salad, mayo

illness is from toxin so no antibiotics

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10
Q

rotovirus
who gets infected?
symptoms?

A

common world wide - everyone gets infected

vomiting then diarrhea w/ fever (exception to noninflam diarrhea rule)

**Everyone rotates through rotovirus and rotates through symptoms (vomiting –> diarrhea + fever)

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11
Q

Noroviruses
spread?
symptoms?

A

Fecal-oral + contaminated food/water

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

24-48 hours (no treatment required)

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12
Q
Giardia lamblia
type?
who gets it?
symptoms and duration?
Rx?
A

parasite

fecal - oral –> campers

2 forms - trophozoites + cyst in environment

1-4 weeks

diarrhea, bloating, gas

Rx - metronidazole, furazolidone

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13
Q

traveler’s diarrhea - common cause and course?

A

enterotoxigenic E Coli is most common cause

short lived and self limited

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14
Q

inflammatory diarrhea

A
shigella
salmonella
campylobacter
enterhemorrhavic E Coli
Yersinia
C. Diff
Entamoeba histolytica
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15
Q
Shigella
appearance/stain?
spread?
spread?
type of diarrhea?
A

gram negative rods (closely related to E Coli)

tolerates stomach acid –> fingers, food, flies, feces, fomites (forks)

invades colon via M cells –> enterocyte spreading via host actin tails (like listeria)

mild watery diarrhea –> blood and pus w/ pain diarrhea

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16
Q

Salmonella enterica
appearance?
what does it cause?

A

gram negative bacillus

food poisoning - chicken and eggs

17
Q
Campylobacter jejuni
appearance and stain?
type of diarrhea?  what other disease?
reservoirs?
course?
A

curved gram negative rod “sea gull”

bloody diarrhea followed by Guillain-Barre syndrome on occasion (ascending neuropathy –> respiratory failure)

animals - food, poultry

self-limited usually

18
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica
appearance?
spread?
mimics?

A

gram negative rod

blood transfusion spread

mimics appendicitis

19
Q

clostridium difficile

appearance?

A

gram + rod

antibiotic assoicated diarrhea –> antiobtiocs allow organism to get a foot hold –> pseudomembrance formation

20
Q

entamoeba histolytica

A

amoeba w/ 2 forms

flask shaped ulcers from toxins