1.32 Explain why elements and compounds can be classified as: Flashcards
What is the boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas, influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces or bonding types in the substance.
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid, which varies significantly between different types of substances due to the nature of their bonding.
What is metallic bonding?
The force of attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalized electrons, which contributes to properties such as electrical conductivity and malleability.
What is a giant covalent structure?
A network of atoms held together by covalent bonds in a large and continuous lattice, resulting in high melting and boiling points, as seen in diamond or silicon dioxide.
What is simple molecular (covalent) structure?
Substances formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms, resulting in discrete molecules with covalent bonds, typically exhibiting lower melting and boiling points.
What is ionic bonding?
A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, leading to the formation of ionic compounds.
What are ionic compounds made up of?
Ionic compounds are made up of a metal and a nonmetal.
What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
Ionic compounds have regular structures (giant ionic lattices) with strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions.
What are the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is required to break the many strong bonds.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved?
Yes, ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move and carry current.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity as solids?
No, ionic compounds do not conduct electricity as solids because the ions are fixed and cannot move.
What happens to ionic compounds in water?
Ionic compounds often dissolve in water to form an aqueous solution.
What are simple molecular compounds made up of?
Simple molecular compounds consist of small molecules made up of nonmetal elements.
What are the physical states of simple molecular compounds?
They are usually gases or liquids that have low boiling and melting points.
What type of forces exist between small molecules in simple molecular compounds?
There are weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, which are broken in boiling or melting, not the covalent bonds.
How do intermolecular forces affect melting and boiling points?
Intermolecular forces increase with the size of the molecules, so larger molecules have higher melting and boiling points.
Do simple molecular compounds conduct electricity?
No, they do not conduct electricity because small molecules do not have an overall electric charge.
Can some simple molecular compounds conduct electricity in water?
Yes, some can break down in water to form ions which can conduct electricity.
Are simple molecular compounds soluble in water?
Many are insoluble in water, but some are soluble because they can form stronger intermolecular forces with water.
What are giant covalent structures made up of?
Giant covalent structures are made up of nonmetal elements.
What is the state and melting point of substances with giant covalent structures?
They are solids with very high melting points.
What type of bonds link atoms in giant covalent structures?
All of the atoms in these structures are linked by strong covalent bonds.
What must be overcome to melt or boil giant covalent structures?
The strong covalent bonds must be overcome to melt or boil these substances.
Can giant covalent structures conduct electricity?
Some giant covalent structures can conduct electricity, whereas others cannot.
What do metals consist of?
Metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern. They are always made up of just metallic elements.
What is unique about the electrons in metal atoms?
The electrons in the outer shell of metal atoms are delocalised and so are free to move through the whole structure.
What gives rise to strong metallic bonds?
The sharing of delocalised electrons gives rise to strong metallic bonds.
What type of structures do metals have?
Metals have giant structures of atoms with strong metallic bonding.
What are the melting and boiling points of most metals?
Most metals have high melting and boiling points.
Why can metals conduct heat and electricity?
Metals can conduct heat and electricity because of the delocalised electrons in their structures.
What does conduction in metals depend on?
Conduction depends on the ability for electrons to move throughout the metal.
What property allows metals to be bent and shaped?
The layers of atoms in metals are able to slide over each other.
Are metals soluble in water?
Metals are insoluble in water, but some will react with it instead.
