1.29 Recall that covalent bonding results in the formation of molecules Flashcards
What are simple molecules?
Small molecules with strong covalent bonds inside, but weak forces between them.
Examples: HCl, H2, O2, Cl2, NH3, CH4
What are polymers
Very large molecules made of repeating units (monomers).
Examples: Poly(ethene), nylon
What are giant covalent structures?
Massive 3D networks with very high melting points and strong covalent bonds.
Examples: Diamond, Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)
What type of diagram is used for small molecules?
Dot and cross diagrams.
Shows shared electron pairs between atoms.
What type of diagram is used for polymers?
Repeat unit diagrams.
Shows a small part of the polymer repeated with single lines for bonds.
What type of model is used for all types of covalent substances?
Ball and stick models.
Shows 3D arrangement; balls = atoms, sticks = bonds.
What type of diagrams illustrate giant structures?
2D and 3D diagrams.
Illustrates structure and bonding in more detail.
What are the melting/boiling points of simple molecules?
Low melting/boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces.
How do polymers compare to simple molecules and giant structures?
Polymers are long chains, stronger than simple molecules but not as strong as giant structures.
What are the characteristics of giant covalent structures?
Very high melting points, hard, don’t conduct (except graphite).
