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[ MT632 Lab ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology > 1.3. Types of Tissues > Flashcards

1.3. Types of Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Cells with similar structure and function

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3
Q

Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle
Nervous

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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covering or lining tissue

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5
Q

Special Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

A
  • Composed of cells
  • Covers the surface
  • Has an exposed surface
  • Attached to basal surface
  • Specialized cell connections and matrix attachments
  • Avascular (absence of blood vessels)
  • Capable or regeneration
  • Exogrine and Endocrine glands
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6
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

A
  • Protects the underlying surface
  • Acts as a barrier
  • Permits passage of substances (gas exchange)
  • Secreting substances (sweat and mucous glands)
  • Absorption of substances (digest food, intestine)
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7
Q

2 Basis of Epithelial Tissues’ Classification

A

NUMBER OF PRESENT CELL LAYERS
Simple Epithelium - single
Stratified Epithelium - 2 or more

SHAPE OF THE CELL
Squamous - flat and scalelike
Cuboidal - cube shaped, as wide as they are tall
Columnar - taller than they are wide

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8
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

Single cell layer (basement membrane to free surface)

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9
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Single layer of flat, hexagonal cells
  • Diffusion, filtration, secretion, protection
  • Blood & lymphatic vessels, heart, alveoli kidney tubules, lining of body cavities’ serous membrane
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10
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • Single layer of cube shaped cells
  • Secretion & absorption of kidney tubules, movement of particles in mucus out of bronchioles
  • Endocrine glands, kidney tubules, brain, bronchioles, ovaries
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11
Q

Simple Columbar Epithelium

A
  • Single layer of tall, narrow cells, have cilia & microvili (layers are at same levels)
  • Movement of particles out of bronchioles, movement of oocytes through uterine tubes, secretion of glands, absorption by cells of intestine
  • Glands & ducts, bronchioles, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, ventricles
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12
Q

Pseudostartified Columbar Epithelium

A
  • Falsely stratified, one cell layer with all cells attached to basement membrane
  • Ciliated cells
  • Presence of Goblet Cells
  • Cells are at different levels and appear stratified
  • Synthesize and secrete mucus into free surface
  • Nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
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13
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A
  • More than one cell layer
  • Basal layer attaches deepest layer to basement membrane
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14
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Cuboidal cells in basal layer & flattened toward surface
  • Protects against abrasion, forms barrier against infection, reduce loss of water from body
  • Keratinized and Non-Keratinized
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15
Q

Keratinized

A
  • Cytoplasm is replaced by Keratin (protein)
  • Outer layer of skin
  • Makes skin waterproof
  • Show presence of nucleated dead cells
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16
Q

Non- Keratinized

A
  • Surface cells retain nucleus and cytoplasm
  • Where oldest cells are found
  • Nucleated cells are alive
  • Superficial open to internal surface, mouth, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, corneas
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17
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
  • Cuboidal when organ or tube is not stretched
  • Squamous when organ or tube is stretched
  • Accommodates fluctuations in volume of fluid, protects against caustic urine effects
  • Stretches numbe rof layers are lessened so cells cna easily pass through
  • Urinary bladder, ureters, superior urethra
18
Q

Cilia

A
  • Move materials over top of cells
  • Allows movement of substances
19
Q

Microvili

A

Increase surface area

20
Q

Cell Connections

A
  • Hold one cell to another
  • Hold one cell to basement membrane
  • Binds cells together
  • Help form permeability barrier
  • Provide me hanism for intercellular communication
21
Q

Cell Connectors

A

DEMOSOMES - bind cells together
HEMIDESMOSOMES - between cell and cell membrane
TIGHT JUNCTIONS - forms barrier and anchors cells to each other (intestine linings)
ADHESION BELTS - prevent passage of materials between epithelial cells (below tight junctions)
GAP JUNCTIONS - allow small molecules & ions to pass from one epithelial cell to adjacent

22
Q

Glands

A

Secretory organ that secrete substances

23
Q

Gland Classification According to Modes of Secretion

A

MEROCRINE - release secretory products by exocytosis
APOCRINE - release of secretory products as oinched off fragements of gland cells
HOLOCRINE - involves shedding of entire cells

24
Q

Types of Glands

A

EXOCRINE - with ducts (transport secreted material to free surface) lined with epithelium
ENDOCRINE - ductless gland, secrete products into bloodstream

25
Q

Unicellular Gland

A

Single cell

26
Q

Simple Gland

A

Multicellular, single unbranched duct

27
Q

Types of Simple Glands

A

Simple Tubular
Simple Branched Tubular
Simple Acinar
Simple Branched Acinar

28
Q

Simple Tubular

A

Glands forming straight tube with no branching of secretiry portion

29
Q

Simple Branched Tubular

A

Gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from single duct

30
Q

Simple Acinar

A

Glands with single sac like secretory gland

31
Q

Simple Branched Acinar

A

Glands with several acinar secretiry portions branching from single duct

32
Q

Compound Glands

A

Multicellular, several ducts

33
Q

Types of Compound Glands

A

Compound Tubular
Compound Acinar
Compound Tubuloacinar

34
Q

Compound Tubular

A

Glands with multiple ducts, with narrow tubular secretory portion

35
Q

Compound Acinar

A

Glands with multiple ducts, with several sac lik secretory portion

36
Q

Compount Tubuloacinar

A

Glands with multiple ducts, several tubular and acinar secretory portion

37
Q

Shapes of Secretory Regions

A

TUBULAR - shaped as tubules
ACINAR or ALVEOLAR - shaped in savlike structures

38
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • Make up part of every organ
  • Enclose and separate tissues
  • Connect tissue to one another
  • Support and move parts
  • Store compounds
  • Cushion and insulate
  • Transport
  • Protect
39
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

A
  • Produce extracellular matrix

OSTEOBLAST - bone-forming cells
OSTEOCYTES - bone cells
OSTEOCLAST - bone destroying cells
FIBROBLAST - form fibrous ct
FIBROCYTES - maintain fibrous ct
CHONDROBLAST - form cartilage and chondrocytes
WBC or LEUKOCYTES - liquid type of ct
MACROPHAGES - capable of phagocytizing (neutrophil) foreign substances
MAST CELLS - nonmotile cells that release chemicals

40
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

COMPONENTS
- Protein Fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)
- Ground Substance
- Fluid

MATRIX STRUCTURE
- Responsible for functional characteristics of ct

41
Q

Matrix Protein Fibers

A

COLLAGEN FIBERS - microscopic ropes, flexible but resist stretching
RETICULAR FIBERS - short, colagen fibers; form supporting network
ELASTIC FIBERS - Have ability to return to original shape, give elastic quality

42
Q

Matrix Ground Substance

A
  • Trap large quantities of water between polysaccharides
  • Return to original shape

PROTEOGLYCANS - consist protein core attached to polysaccharides

[ MT632 Lab ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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