13 - Thermal Physics Flashcards
Absolute Temperature
A temperature value relative to absolute zero.
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains, and the particles have no kinetic energy.
Avogadro Constant
The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.
Boltzmann Constant
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas’ temperature.
Boyle’s Law
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.
Brownian Motion
The random motion of particles.
Change of Phase
Transitions between solids, liquids, and gases, where there is a change in internal energy but not temperature.
Equation of State of an Ideal Gas
An equation linking pressure, volume, number of moles, temperature, and the ideal gas constant.
Gas
A phase of matter in which particles are high-energy and free to move. Gases fill the space they are placed in.
Internal Energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a system.
Kelvin
The unit of absolute temperature.
Liquid
A phase of matter in which the particles can slide over each other, but still have forces of attraction.
Solid
A phase of matter in which the particles can only vibrate about fixed positions, due to strong intermolecular forces.
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
Specific Latent Heat
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without a change in temperature.
Thermal Equilibrium
A stable state in which there is no thermal heat transfer between two regions.
