1.3 The Face Flashcards
What are the Muscles of Facial Expression important in?
Communication - Particularly Emotion
Note: Some also control opening / closing of openings in the face (e.g. eyes, nose, mouth)
Where do the Muscles of Facial Expression lie?
Within the Superficial Fascia of the Face (and Neck)
How do the Muscles of Facial Expression differ from Skeletal Muscle, in terms of Position (i.e. Superficial / Deep)?
The Muscles of Facial Expression are more Superficial than the Skeletal Muscle
How do the Muscles of Facial Expression differ from Skeletal Muscle, in terms of Attachment?
The Muscles of Facial Expression are attached directly onto the Skin
Where does the Frontal Belly of the Occiptiofrontalis Muscle lie?
Over the Forehead
Where does the Orbicularis Oculi lie?
Superior to the Eye
Where does the Palpebral Oculi lie?
Inferior to the Eye
Where does the Orbicularis Oris lie?
Around the Mouth
Where does the Buccinators lie?
Within the Cheeks
Where does the Platysma lie?
Superficially in the Neck
What are the actions of the Platysma?
Depress the Jaw
Draws down the Lower Lip
What Nerve innervates the Muscles of Facial Expression?
Cranial Nerve XII (The Facial Nerve) via it’s terminal branches
Through what Foramen does the Facial Nerve leave the Cranial Cavity?
Stylomastoid Foramen
What are the 2 bony points on either side of the Stylomastoid Foramen?
- The Mastoid Process (Posterolaterally)
2. The Styloid Process (Anteromedially)
Which Gland does the Facial Nerve enter into before it splits into its Terminal Branches
The Parotid Gland:
The branches emerge from the anterior border of the gland and travel on the side of the face to innervate the muscles of facial expression
What would happen as a result of Facial Nerve Palsy?
Eyelid Drooping
Paralysis (and Drooping) of the Corner of the Mouth
Persistently bitten cheek during chewing (mastication)
What are the 3 pairs of Salivary Glands?
- The Parotid Gland
- The Submandibular Gland
- The Sublingual Gland
What observations can be made about the size and extent of the Parotid Glands?
It is much larger than the other Salivary Glands
What are the relations of the Parotid Gland?
The Parotid Gland lies:
Inferiorly to the Zygomatic Arch
Posteriorly to the Masseter Muscle
Superiorly to the Angle of the Mandible
Anteriorly to the Anterior Border of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Anteroinferiorly to the External Auditory Meatus
What type of Gland is the Parotid Gland?
An Exocrine Gland
Where does the Parotid Duct run?
Superficial to the Masseter Muscle and then pierces the Buccinator Muscle to open into the Oral Cavity
Where does the Parotid Duct open into the Oral Cavity?
Opposite the Superior 2nd Molar Tooth
What is the arterial supply of the Parotid Gland?
- The Posterior Auricular Artery
- The Superficial Temporal Artery
Which are both branches of the External Carotid Artery
What is the venous drainage of the Parotid Gland?
The Retromandibular Vein
Which Nerve innervates the Parotid Gland?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System would be secretomotor to the Parotid Salivary gland?
The Parasympathetic Nervous System - think “Rest and Digest”
Does the Paroid Gland recieve Sympathetic Stimulation? And if so, from where?
Yes, from the Lateral Horns of the upper Thoracic Spinal Cord
What supplies sensory innervation to the face?
- The Trigeminal Nerve
a) The Opthalmic Division
b) The Maxillary Division
c) The Mandibular Division - The Anterior and Posterior Rami of Cervical Vertebrae C2, and C3
Which arteries supply the Face? And what are they a branch of?
- The Facial Artery
- The Superficial Temporal Artery
These are branches of the External Carotid Artery
What bone does the Facial Artery wind around to reach the Face?
The Mandible
What muscle on the side of the face lies immediately posterior to the Facial Artery as it enters onto the Face?
The Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Just before the Facial Artery enters onto the side of the Face, what Gland does it groove?
The Submandibular Gland
Where does the Facial Artery end?
The Medial Commissure of the Eye
Which vein does the Facial Vein and the Superficial Temporal Veins drain into?
The External Jugular Vein
