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CPSY 202 Psychology > 13 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

13 - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Assumption that behaviours among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions.

A

Ultimate Attribution Error 13

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2
Q

We’re more likely to believe sources we believe to be trustworthy.

A

Manufacturing Source Credibility 13

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3
Q

Participants given boring task (put plastic spools into a tray and take out repeaedly)

Some paid $1; some paid $20 to tell next person that the task was “very enjoyable.”

Participants debriefed after, were asked about their true feelings toward the task

A

Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Study 13

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4
Q

Negative behaviour toward members of out-groups.

A

Discrimination 13

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5
Q

Outbreak of irrational behaviour that is spread by social contagion.

A

Mass Hysteria 13

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6
Q

Capitolizing on the desire to achieve unrealistic objectives.

A

Phantom Goal 13

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7
Q

From the standpoint of an evolutionary approach to social behaviour; ___________ and __________ (are/aren’t) inherently maladaptive. 13

A

Conformity | Obedience | Are Not 13

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8
Q

_________ ____ associated with violence, such as guns and knives can serve as _________ ________ and can make us more likely to act violently in response to provokation.

A

Aggressive Cues | Discriminative Stimuli 13

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9
Q

These affect aggression and can be short-term or long-term.

A

Situational Influences 13

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10
Q

Aggression between people becomes more likely when they provoke by insulting, threatening, or hitting.

A

Interpersonal Provocation 13

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11
Q

Claim that prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes.

A

Scapegoat Hypothesis 13

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12
Q

When our autonomic nervous sytems are hyped up we may mistakenly attribute this ________ to anger.

A

Arousal 13

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13
Q

Tendency to favour individuals within our group over those from outside our group.

A

In-Group Bias 13

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14
Q

Drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence.

A

Prejudice 13

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15
Q

The exception to aggression being prominant in males of the species.

A

Laughing Hyena 13

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16
Q

Also known as the Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Haney, Banks, Zimbardo Prison Study (1973) 13

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17
Q

Claim that our attributions and behaviours are shaped by a deep-seated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason.

A

Just-World Hypothesis 13

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18
Q

Rate of violent crime in the US mirrors __________. ______ ___________ increases _______.

A

Temperature | Warm Temperature | Irritability 13

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19
Q

Behaviour intended to harm others, either verbally or physically.

A

Aggression 13

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20
Q

A belief, positive or negative, about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group.

A

Stereotype 13

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21
Q

Theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours. Alternative explaination for Cognitive Dissonance and Festinger findings.

A

Self-Perception Theory 13

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22
Q

Educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project.

A

Jigsaw Classroom 13

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23
Q

Is prison behaviour a result of the inherent character of people they house or does prison itself control behaviour?

Simulated prison in basement

Male University students screened for health, emotional stability

“psychological study on prison life”

“guards” or “prisoners” | Random assignment

Guards: taunted, insulted, & dehumanized prisoners

Prisoners: at first, tried to rebel; soon became passive; emotional disturbance

Loss of identity

A

Stanford Prison Experiment 13

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24
Q

There are about _____ reported rapes every day in the US, about 1 every ___ __________.

A

230 | 6 minutes 13

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25
Q

Evolutionary principle; creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different.

A

Adaptive Conservatism 13

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26
Q

We’re more likely to like someone or something that bears similarities to us.

A

Inherant Egotism Effect 13

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27
Q

Process of assigning causes to behaviour.

A

Attribution 13

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28
Q

Unfounded negative belief of which we’re unaware regarding the characteristics of an out-group.

A

Implicit Prejudice 13

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29
Q

Belief that includes an emotional component.

A

Attitude 13

30
Q

Tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristic behaviour when they are stripped of their usual identities.

A

Deindividuation 13

31
Q

Persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a bigger one.

A

Foot-in-the-Door Technique 13

32
Q

Video games and other ______ ________can affect violence in both Western and Asian cultures.

A

Media Influences 13

33
Q

Tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar.

A

Out-Group Homogeneity 13

34
Q

Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure.

A

Conformity 13

35
Q

Reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others.

A

Diffusion of Responsibility 13

36
Q

Group of individuals who exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause.

A

Cult 13

37
Q

Somethings rare so it must be valuable.

A

Scarcity Heuristic 13

38
Q

Form of indirect aggression, prevalent in girls, involving spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation.

A

Relational Aggression 13

39
Q

Study of how people influence others’ behaviour, beliefs, and attitudes.

A

Social Psychology 13

40
Q

If most believe it works then it must.

A

Concensus Heuristic 13

41
Q

Things that are natural must be good.

A

the Natural Commonplace 13

42
Q

An experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment’s purpose and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation.

A

Demand Characterists 13

43
Q

Error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do.

A

Pluralistic Ignorance 13

44
Q

Not calling 911 if someone being harmed or house on fire.

A

Bystander Effect or Bystander Non-Intervention 13

45
Q

Helping others for unselfish reasons.

A

Altruism 13

46
Q

Persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we’re hoping to have granted.

A

Door-in-the-Face Technique 13

47
Q

Conforming without belief in what you are doing.

A

Compliance 13

48
Q

A catchy tune or cute animal on a commercial superficially integrated into (un)consciousness.

A

Peripheral processing 13

49
Q

Emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking.

A

Groupthink 13

50
Q

Marketing technique which tells us about another’s personal experiences.

A

Vivid Testimonials 13

51
Q

Certain things like _________ and ________ can ________ our brain’s prefontal cortex, lowering _________ towards behaving violently.

A

Alcohol and Drugs | Disinhibit | Inhibitions 13

52
Q

Belief that we all possess a hidden mystical side that science neglects or denies.

A

the Goddess WIthin Commonplace

53
Q

Adherence to explicit instructions from those of higher authority.

A

Obedience 13

54
Q

Ich Liebe Dich Ole❤️

A

True ! ❤️

55
Q

Phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups.

A

Social Loafing 13

56
Q

Unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs; we change our behaviour, and sometimes it’s easier to change our original belief.

A

Cognitive Dissonance 13

57
Q

Learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better.

A

Enlightenment Effect 13

58
Q

Persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price, and then mentions all of the “add-on” costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product.

A

Lowball Technique 13

59
Q

Tendency to overestimate the influences of character traits/dispositional causes on other people’s behaviour.

A

Fundamental Attribution Error 13

60
Q

Theory that we don’t really change our attitudes, but report that we have so that our behaviours appear consistent with our attitudes.

A

Impression Management Theory 13

61
Q

There are between ___ and ___ Murders in the United States every day.

A

40 | 45 13

62
Q

Depth of ___________ conviction. Conscientiousness in teenageers is more likely to result in increased levels of ___________ in adulthood.

A

Religious | Religiosity 13

63
Q

We see behaviour is influenced by environment when judging ourselves and undeerstand when situational demands affect our behaviour in unusual ways. We may not have that same insight judging others.

A

Actor-Observer Effect 13

64
Q

More likely to believe if we hear it a lot.

A

Recognition heuristic 13

65
Q

When we are thwarted __________ can influence aggression.

A

Frustration 13

66
Q

Approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking those reasons.

A

Inoculation Effect 13

67
Q

People from the sourthern regions of the US are more likely than others to adhere to a _________ __ _______.

A

Culture of Honour 13

68
Q

Unfounded negative belief of which we’re aware regarding the characteristics of an out-group.

A

Explicit Prejudice 13

69
Q

We’ve listened carefully and examined the merits of the product for ourselves.

A

Central processing 13

70
Q

The type of message (and our processing of it) influences likelihood of attitude change

Peripheral processing (superficial)

E.g. A catchy tune or cute animal on a commercial

Central processing (elaboration)

E.g. we’ve listened carefully and examined the merits of the product for ourselves

Which ‘route’ is taken depends on the relevance of the message to the target

Who is attempting to persuade you can also have an impact

Highly credible people/authority

Attractive/celebrities

If messenger is similar to receiver

A

Dual Process Theory 13

71
Q

A conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event. They do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction

A

Impression Management 13

72
Q

Answering questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. Over-reporting “good behavior” or under-reporting “bad,” or undesirable behavior.

A

Social Desirability 13

CPSY 202 Psychology (3 decks)

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