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CPSY 202 Psychology > 12 - Stress, Coping, & Health > Flashcards

12 - Stress, Coping, & Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of a Type A personality and what health risks are associated with such a personality?

A

Type A personality type describes people who are competative, driven, hostile, ambitious, and impatient. Research indicates that the anger component of the Type A personality can be deadly, increasing our risk for coronary heart disease. 12

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2
Q

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A

SRRS 12

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3
Q

Study of Stress as a Physiological Manifestation.

A

Stress as a Response 12

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4
Q

Ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body.

A

Acupuncture 12

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5
Q

________ _______ encompases our relationships with people and groups that provide emotional and financial assistance as we content with important decisions or stressful situations. 12

A

Social Support

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6
Q

Measures how stressful events from small annoyances to major daily pressures ae associated with general health.

A

Hassles Scale 12

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7
Q

In a study, ____________ and _________ ___________ lasting more than a month were the best predictors of who caught a cold (because of inflamatory response linked to colds?)

A

Unemployment | Interpersonal Difficulties 12

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8
Q

A variety of practices that train attention and awareness.

A

Meditation 12

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9
Q

Inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite.

A

Peptic Ulcer 12

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10
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship between the immune system and the _______ _______ system.

A

Central Nervous 12

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11
Q

True of False: Natural Disasters will sometimes result in stronger community bonds. 12

A

True

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12
Q

Love and Bonding Hormone

A

Oxycotin 12

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13
Q

True of False: The likelihood of developing PTSD is unrelated to the severity or duration of the stressor. 12

A

False

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14
Q

True of False: Participation in religious activities can increase social support. 12

A

True

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15
Q

Immune System attacks Mylon Sheath surrounding neurons.

A

Multiple Schlorosis 12

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16
Q

_________ _________ refers to health care practices and products that are used in place of conventional medicine. 12

A

Alternative Medicine

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17
Q

The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor — a type of stimulus — strains our ability to cope effectively. The term found it’s way into psychological literature in 1944.

A

Stress 12

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18
Q

Proposed the Stress as Transaction Approach

A

Richard Lazarus 12

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19
Q

Optimistic people are (better/worse) at handling frustration than pessimists. 12

A

Better

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20
Q

Field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine.

A

Health Psychology 12

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21
Q

Health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine.

A

Complementary Medicine 12

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22
Q

Identify the brain and body components activated in the alarm reaction proposed by Selye’s GAS, depicted here.

A

The alarm reaction involves the excitation of the autonomic nervous system, the discharge of the stress hormone adrenalin, and physical symptoms of anxiety. 12

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23
Q

True of False: Physical illness can be a reaction to a prolonged stressor. 12

A

True

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24
Q

_________ is the search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God. 12

A

Spirituality

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25
Q

The field of psychology that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practive of medicine is called _______ ________.12

A

Health Psychology

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26
Q

When we try to put a positive spin on our feelings or predicaments and engage in behaviours to reduce painful emotions, we are engaging in _________ _________. 12

A

Emotion-Focused Coping

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27
Q

People’s varied reactions to the same event suggest that we can view stress as a _________ between people and their environments. 12

A

Transaction

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28
Q

True of False: According to the stress as a transaction viewpoint, almost all people respond to stressful events in the same way. 12

A

False

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29
Q

True of False: Rumination is usually an adaptive strategy for dealing with anxiety and depression. 12

A

False

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30
Q

A life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus attacks and damages the immune system.

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 12

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31
Q

True of False: Most psychologists adopt a biopsychosocial perspective, which proposes that most medical conditions are negither all physical nor all psychological. 12

A

True

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32
Q

List some of the positive effects of meditation and possible explainations for each. 12

A

Enhances blood flow in brain and immune funtion.

Increases in Alertness, Creativity, Empathy, & Self-Esteem.

Decreased Interpersonal Poblems, Decreased Anxiety, Inhibits recurrence of Depression.

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33
Q

Immune System causes swelling and pain at joints.

A

Arthritis 12

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34
Q
  1. Focuses on more negative events than positive
  2. Does not differentiate chronic vs acute stressors
  3. Does not apply to all groups
  4. Holmes & Rahe sampled Caucasian groups to create the scale
  5. Different populations may rank various stressors differently
  6. African-Americans rank change in living condition, personal injury & work responsibility higher than Caucasian Americans
  7. It is an adult scale
  8. What about children and younger adults?
A

Issues with Social Readjustment Rating Scale [SRRS] 12

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35
Q

Bacteria that thrives in stomach acid and causes 90& of peptic ulcers.

A

Helicobacter Pylori 12

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36
Q

Disease producing organisms

A

Pathogens 12

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37
Q

Potentially illness inducing organisms, substances, bacteria, and viruses.

A

Antigens 12

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38
Q

True of False: The number one cause of death and disability in the United States is coronary heart disease. 12

A

True

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39
Q

Perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows innitial evaluation. Do I have resources to cope with the threat? To do with inner resources.

A

Secondary Appraisal 12

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40
Q

Illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.

A

Psychophysiological 12

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41
Q

Conducted a 9 year landmark study on how Social Support buffers and protects from stressors.

A

Lisa Berkman and Leonard Syme 12

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42
Q

Destroy antigens and dead tissue in the body.

A

Macrophages 12

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43
Q

Lifetime prevalence of _____ about 5% in men and 10% in women.

A

Prevalence of PTSD

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44
Q

In 1950, argued peptic ulcers were caused by the reawakening of childhood cravings for food and feelings of dependancy.

A

Franz Alexander 12

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45
Q

Personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious

A

Type A Personality 12

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46
Q

Herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements (are/are not) regulated by Health Canada and the FDA for safety, purity, and effectiveness. 12

A

Are Not

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47
Q

True of False: Major life events have a greater effect on adjustment than everyday hassles. 12

A

False

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48
Q

True of False: Most smokers who want to stop smoking each year succeed on their own without professional help.

A

False

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49
Q

Wounds took 24% longer to heal in __________ __________.

A

Alzheimer Care-Givers 12

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50
Q

Refers to the fact that Psychologists tend to see only those who are not healthy and sometimes overestimate fragility and/or underestimate resiliance.

A

Clinician’s Illusion 12

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51
Q

Includes the Amydala, Hypothalamus, and Hippocampus. Considered to be the seat of anxiety within the limbic system.

A

the Emotional Brain 12

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52
Q

Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture or seek social support under stress.

A

Tend and Befriend 12

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53
Q

During the ________ stage of the GAS, we adapt to the stressor and try to find a way to cope with it.

A

Resistance 12

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54
Q

True of False: Women tend to overestimate their risk of dying from breast cancer as opposed to heart disease. 12

A

True

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55
Q

Proposed General Adaptation Syndrome. Published “the Stress of Life”

A

Hans Selye 12

56
Q

The view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.

A

Biopsychosocial Perspective 12

57
Q

two types of _____ _____ _______ that protect us fron infection are __________ and ___________.

A

White Blood Cell

Phagocytes / Lymphocytes 12

58
Q

Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources.

A

Social Support 12

59
Q

Delusional Infestation

A

Morgellan’s Disease 12

60
Q

True of False: Researchers have found a strong connection between social support and people’s chance of dying over a nine-year period. 12

A

True

61
Q

Scientists have learned that psychological factors, including stress and personality traits, are key risk factors for _______ _______ ______.

A

Coronary Heart Disease 12

62
Q

Hypothalamus

⬇

Anterior Pituitary

⬇

Adrenal Cortex

⬇

Cortisol

A

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 12

63
Q

Coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions.

A

Emotion-Focused Coping 12

64
Q

Spending a time ruminating is a (productive/counterproductive way of reacting to a stressful situdation. 12

A

Counterproductive

65
Q

The telltale symptoms of PTSD include vivid memories, feelings, and images of traumatic experiences, known commonly as _________.

A

Flashbacks 12

66
Q

A biopsychosocial perspective proposes that most medical conditions are neither all physical nor all _________.

A

Psychological 12

67
Q

Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping.

A

Proactive Coping 12

68
Q

Health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine.

A

Alternative Medicine 12

69
Q

Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God.

A

Spirituality 12

70
Q

We make _______ _______ to determine how well we can cope with a harmful event. 12

A

Secondary Appraisal

71
Q

Coined by Joseph LeDoux and refers to portions of the Cerebral Cortex.

A

the Thinking Brain 12

72
Q

Minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope.

A

Hassle 12

73
Q

View of studying stess based on how people interpret and cope with events. Richard Lazarus proposed we assess the threat before then assess if we can can deal with it. Optimism adopts the problem-focused coping of dealing head-on — if we can’t avoid/control we adopt the emotion-focused coping of positive emotional spin.

A

Stress as Transaction Approach 12

74
Q

Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful. Is it a threat? How severe? Has to do with the Stressor out there.

A

Primary Appraisal 12

75
Q

Calculate your body mass index (BMI) and determine your weight status from the categories listed.

Below 18.5 Underweight

18.5-24.9 Normal

25-29.9 Overweight

30+ Obese

A

Answers vary based on weight / height

76
Q

_______ _______ is a _______ strategy people use to tackle life’s challenges head-on. 12

A

Problem-Focused Coping

77
Q

True of False: One general coping strategy tends to work for all situations. 12

A

False

78
Q

`Stress Hormone

A

Cortosol 12

79
Q

_______ is a set of attitudes, marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and motivation and courage to confront stressful events.12

A

Hardiness

80
Q

True of False: Overactivity of the immune system sometimes leads to disease. 12

A

True

81
Q

The ________ response is a set of physiological or psychological reactions that mobilize us to either confront or escape a threatening situation.

A

Fight-or-Flight 12

82
Q

The hormone __________ further counters stress and promotes the tend-and-befriend response.

A

Oxycoton 12

83
Q

True of False: People’s first reaction to an extreme stressor involves activation of the autonomic nervous system. 12

A

True

84
Q

Ulcers (are/aren’t) cause by hot, spicy foods.

A

Are Not 12

85
Q

Genes (play/do not play) a role in people’s tendency to become overweight. 12

A

Play

86
Q

The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope is called ____________.

A

Stress 12

87
Q

What is crisis debriefing and how effective is it for people who have experienced a traumatic event? 12

A

Crisis Debreifing Sessions with a facilitator to help discuss people’s reactions to a shared traumatic event may actually increast PTSD risk.

88
Q

People who cope well in the aftermath of a stressor tend to display relatively (high/low) levels of functioning before the event.

A

High 12

89
Q

The ability to step up and take action to reduce the impact of a stressful situation is an example of _______ _______.12

A

Behaviour Control

90
Q

Because of the ________ heuristic, we tend to underestimate certain risks to our health and overestimate others. 12

A

Availability

91
Q

True of False: Most people at some point or another will experience an extremely stressful event. 12

A

True

92
Q

Survivors of Hurrican Sandy might be of particular interest to researchers who study stress from which viewpoint?

A

Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12

93
Q

What are the benefits of a strong social network when an individual is undergoing stressful or challenging life events? 12

A

Social Support can provide us with emotional comfort, financial assistance, and information.

94
Q

Health psychologists make the treatment and prevention of _______ a high priority, because it’s the leading cause of preventable disease and deaths in Canada and hte United States. 12

A

Smoking

95
Q

The frequency and perceived severity of hassles are (better/worse) predictors of physical health than major life events.

A

Better 12

96
Q

Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances.

A

Hardiness 12

97
Q

Study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system.

A

Psychoneuroimmunology 12

98
Q

Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart. Number 1 cause of Death in the US. 29% of Deaths in Canada; 22% v. 19% male to female ration., while 9% vs. 6% female to male ratio died of stroke.

A

Coronary Heart Disease 12

99
Q

True of False: One major cause of ulcers is eating hot, spicy foods late at night. 12

A

False

100
Q

Coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on. Form of behaviour control.

A

Problem-Focused Coping 12

101
Q

Cause of illness attributed to deep seated conflicts and emotional reactions.

A

Psychosomatic 12

102
Q

AIDS in a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable disease in which the _________ _________ _______ attacks and damages the immune system.

A

human immunodeficiency virus 12

103
Q

_________ _________ is based on the premise that consuming an extremely diluted dose of an illness-inducing substance will activate the body’s own natural defences against it. 12

A

Homeopathic Medicine

104
Q

How can daily hassles such as traffic, a difficult relationship with a boss, or getting the wrong order at a restaurant affect our health? 12

A

Daily hassles and minor annoyances can add up and strain our ability to cope.

105
Q

True of False: Obese people tend to be “jollier” than the nonobese. 12

A

False

106
Q

An event so severe that it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences.

A

Trauma 12

107
Q

Condition created by the narrowing and blocking of Artery walls caused by cholestrol. Associated with an inflamatory response in artery walls.

A

Atheroschlorosis 12

108
Q

In a survey of New York City area residents after September 11th, researchers found that (25%/65%) of the sample were resiliant.

A

65% 12

109
Q

Survivors of Hurricane Sandy might be of interest to those who study stress from what viewpoint?

A

Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12

110
Q

When we encounter a potentially threatening event, we initially engage in ________ ________ to decide whether the event is harmful. 12

A

Primary Appraisal

111
Q

Forms of Control

A

Behavioural - step up to deal with

Cognitive - think differently and adapt

Decisional - choose alternatives

Emotional - suppress or expresslon

Informational - learn about stressor 12

112
Q

The severity, duration, and nearness to the stressor affect people’s likelihood of developing _______ ________ ________.

A

PostTraumatic Stress Disorder 12

113
Q

We engage in _______ _______ when we anticipate stressful situations and take steps to prevent or minimize difficulties before they arise. 12

A

Cognitive Control

114
Q

Published by Hans Selye

A

the Stress of Life 12

115
Q

What are the similarities and differences between Shelley Taylor’s tend-and-befriend response and the flight-or-flight response?

A

Both responses refer to ways of coping with stressors. During flight-or-flight, a person is physically and psychologically mobilized to either fight or fell. In contrast, during stress women often rely on social support and nurturing abilities (tend/befriend) to help cope. 12

116
Q

Research has shown that heavy ________ is associated with significant increases in many different types of cancer, serious and sometimes fatal liver problems, and brain shrinkage and other neurological problems. 12

A

Drinking

117
Q

True of False: Men and women are equally likely to exhibit a “tend-and-befriend” response. 12

A

False

118
Q

An example of an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is overactive is (arthritis/alcoholism).

A

Arthritis 12

119
Q

The ________ ________ _________ Scale is based on 43 life events ranked in terms of how stressful participants rated them. 12

A

Social Readjustment Rating

120
Q

Giving up hope or dodging problems to cope with stress. Least effecting coping mechanism.

A

Avoidant-Oriented Coping 12

121
Q

A hormone released by your adrenal glands and some neurons. Also called epinephrine.

Adrenal glands are located at the top of each kidney and are controlled by the pituitary gland.

It’s released in response to a stressful, exciting, dangerous, or threatening situation. Helps your body react more quickly, makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to make sugar to use for fuel.

A

Adrenaline 12

122
Q

__________ signal __ cells to attach to viruses and kill them. ____ cells produce __________ which attach to invaders and attract other proteins to destroy invaders.

A

cytokines | T cells | B cells | antibodies 12

123
Q

True of False: Optimistic people are especially skilled at tolerating frustration. 12

A

True

124
Q

Question based on 43 life events that ranks stressful situations and assigns them a value.

A

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

125
Q

True of False: Few people are resiliant in the face of extreme stress. 12

A

False

126
Q

Remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences.

A

Homeopathic Medicine 12

127
Q

True of False: The effects of accupuncture appeaer to be due to the redistribution of energy in the body. 12

A

False

128
Q

Research has shown that stress (can/can’t) decrease resistance to the cold virus.

A

Can 12

129
Q

Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature.

A

Biofeedback 12

130
Q

True of False: The effects of stressors can be cumulative. 12

A

True

131
Q

True of False: The fact that a health product is “natural” means it’s likely to be safe. 12

A

False

132
Q

Our body’s defence system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances.

A

Immune System 12

133
Q

Exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body.

A

Aerobic Exercise 12

134
Q

Stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

A

General Adaptation Syndrome [GAS] 12

135
Q

Stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances.

A

Corticosteroid 12

136
Q

Physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or escape a threatening situation.

A

Fight-or-Flight Response 12

CPSY 202 Psychology (3 decks)

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