12 - Stress, Coping, & Health Flashcards
1
Q
What are the characteristics of a Type A personality and what health risks are associated with such a personality?
A
Type A personality type describes people who are competative, driven, hostile, ambitious, and impatient. Research indicates that the anger component of the Type A personality can be deadly, increasing our risk for coronary heart disease. 12
2
Q
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
A
SRRS 12
3
Q
Study of Stress as a Physiological Manifestation.
A
Stress as a Response 12
4
Q
Ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body.
A
Acupuncture 12
5
Q
________ _______ encompases our relationships with people and groups that provide emotional and financial assistance as we content with important decisions or stressful situations. 12
A
Social Support
6
Q
Measures how stressful events from small annoyances to major daily pressures ae associated with general health.
A
Hassles Scale 12
7
Q
In a study, ____________ and _________ ___________ lasting more than a month were the best predictors of who caught a cold (because of inflamatory response linked to colds?)
A
Unemployment | Interpersonal Difficulties 12
8
Q
A variety of practices that train attention and awareness.
A
Meditation 12
9
Q
Inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite.
A
Peptic Ulcer 12
10
Q
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship between the immune system and the _______ _______ system.
A
Central Nervous 12
11
Q
True of False: Natural Disasters will sometimes result in stronger community bonds. 12
A
True
12
Q
Love and Bonding Hormone
A
Oxycotin 12
13
Q
True of False: The likelihood of developing PTSD is unrelated to the severity or duration of the stressor. 12
A
False
14
Q
True of False: Participation in religious activities can increase social support. 12
A
True
15
Q
Immune System attacks Mylon Sheath surrounding neurons.
A
Multiple Schlorosis 12
16
Q
_________ _________ refers to health care practices and products that are used in place of conventional medicine. 12
A
Alternative Medicine
17
Q
The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor — a type of stimulus — strains our ability to cope effectively. The term found it’s way into psychological literature in 1944.
A
Stress 12
18
Q
Proposed the Stress as Transaction Approach
A
Richard Lazarus 12
19
Q
Optimistic people are (better/worse) at handling frustration than pessimists. 12
A
Better
20
Q
Field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine.
A
Health Psychology 12
21
Q
Health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine.
A
Complementary Medicine 12
22
Q
Identify the brain and body components activated in the alarm reaction proposed by Selye’s GAS, depicted here.
A
The alarm reaction involves the excitation of the autonomic nervous system, the discharge of the stress hormone adrenalin, and physical symptoms of anxiety. 12
23
Q
True of False: Physical illness can be a reaction to a prolonged stressor. 12
A
True
24
Q
_________ is the search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God. 12
A
Spirituality
25
The field of psychology that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practive of medicine is called _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.12
Health Psychology
26
When we try to put a positive spin on our feelings or predicaments and engage in behaviours to reduce painful emotions, we are engaging in _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 12
Emotion-Focused Coping
27
People's varied reactions to the same event suggest that we can view stress as a _________ between people and their environments. 12
Transaction
28
True of False: According to the stress as a transaction viewpoint, almost all people respond to stressful events in the same way. 12
False
29
True of False: Rumination is usually an adaptive strategy for dealing with anxiety and depression. 12
False
30
A life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus attacks and damages the immune system.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 12
31
True of False: Most psychologists adopt a biopsychosocial perspective, which proposes that most medical conditions are negither all physical nor all psychological. 12
True
32
List some of the positive effects of meditation and possible explainations for each. 12
Enhances *blood flow in brain* and *immune funtion*.
Increases in *Alertness*, *Creativity*, *Empathy*, & *Self-Esteem*.
*Decreased Interpersonal Poblems*, *Decreased Anxiety*, *Inhibits recurrence of Depression*.
33
Immune System causes swelling and pain at joints.
Arthritis 12
34
1. Focuses on more negative events than positive
2. Does not differentiate chronic vs acute stressors
3. Does not apply to all groups
4. Holmes & Rahe sampled Caucasian groups to create the scale
5. Different populations may rank various stressors differently
6. African-Americans rank change in living condition, personal injury & work responsibility higher than Caucasian Americans
7. It is an adult scale
8. What about children and younger adults?
Issues with Social Readjustment Rating Scale [SRRS] 12
35
Bacteria that thrives in stomach acid and causes 90& of *peptic ulcers*.
Helicobacter Pylori 12
36
Disease producing organisms
Pathogens 12
37
Potentially illness inducing organisms, substances, bacteria, and viruses.
Antigens 12
38
True of False: The number one cause of death and disability in the United States is coronary heart disease. 12
True
39
Perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows innitial evaluation. Do I have resources to cope with the threat? To do with inner resources.
Secondary Appraisal 12
40
Illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.
Psychophysiological 12
41
Conducted a 9 year landmark study on how *Social Support* buffers and protects from *stressors*.
Lisa Berkman and Leonard Syme 12
42
Destroy antigens and dead tissue in the body.
Macrophages 12
43
Lifetime prevalence of _____ about 5% in men and 10% in women.
Prevalence of PTSD
44
In 1950, argued *peptic ulcers* were caused by the reawakening of childhood cravings for food and feelings of dependancy.
Franz Alexander 12
45
Personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious
Type A Personality 12
46
Herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements (are/are not) regulated by Health Canada and the FDA for safety, purity, and effectiveness. 12
Are Not
47
True of False: Major life events have a greater effect on adjustment than everyday hassles. 12
False
48
True of False: Most smokers who want to stop smoking each year succeed on their own without professional help.
False
49
Wounds took 24% longer to heal in __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Alzheimer Care-Givers 12
50
Refers to the fact that Psychologists tend to see only those who are not healthy and sometimes overestimate fragility and/or underestimate resiliance.
Clinician's Illusion 12
51
Includes the *Amydala*, *Hypothalamus*, and *Hippocampus*. Considered to be the seat of anxiety within the *limbic system.*
the Emotional Brain 12
52
Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture or seek social support under stress.
Tend and Befriend 12
53
During the ________ stage of the GAS, we adapt to the stressor and try to find a way to cope with it.
Resistance 12
54
True of False: Women tend to overestimate their risk of dying from breast cancer as opposed to heart disease. 12
True
55
Proposed *General Adaptation Syndrome*. Published "the Stress of Life"
Hans Selye 12
56
The view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Biopsychosocial Perspective 12
57
two types of _____ \_\_\_\_\_ _______ that protect us fron infection are __________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
White Blood Cell
Phagocytes / Lymphocytes 12
58
Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources.
Social Support 12
59
Delusional Infestation
Morgellan's Disease 12
60
True of False: Researchers have found a strong connection between social support and people's chance of dying over a nine-year period. 12
True
61
Scientists have learned that psychological factors, including stress and personality traits, are key risk factors for _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Coronary Heart Disease 12
62
Hypothalamus
⬇
Anterior Pituitary
⬇
Adrenal Cortex
⬇
Cortisol
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 12
63
Coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions.
Emotion-Focused Coping 12
64
Spending a time ruminating is a (productive/counterproductive way of reacting to a stressful situdation. 12
Counterproductive
65
The telltale symptoms of PTSD include vivid memories, feelings, and images of traumatic experiences, known commonly as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Flashbacks 12
66
A biopsychosocial perspective proposes that most medical conditions are neither all physical nor all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Psychological 12
67
Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping.
Proactive Coping 12
68
Health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine.
Alternative Medicine 12
69
Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God.
Spirituality 12
70
We make _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to determine how well we can cope with a harmful event. 12
Secondary Appraisal
71
Coined by Joseph LeDoux and refers to portions of the Cerebral Cortex.
the Thinking Brain 12
72
Minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope.
Hassle 12
73
View of studying stess based on how people interpret and cope with events. Richard Lazarus proposed we assess the threat before then assess if we can can deal with it. Optimism adopts the *problem-focused* *coping* of dealing head-on — if we can't avoid/control we adopt the *emotion-focused coping* of *positive emotional spin*.
Stress as Transaction Approach 12
74
Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful. Is it a threat? How severe? Has to do with the Stressor out there.
Primary Appraisal 12
75
Calculate your body mass index (BMI) and determine your weight status from the categories listed.
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
30+ Obese
Answers vary based on weight / height
76
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ is a _______ strategy people use to tackle life's challenges head-on. 12
Problem-Focused Coping
77
True of False: One general coping strategy tends to work for all situations. 12
False
78
`Stress Hormone
Cortosol 12
79
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a set of attitudes, marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and motivation and courage to confront stressful events.12
Hardiness
80
True of False: Overactivity of the immune system sometimes leads to disease. 12
True
81
The ________ response is a set of physiological or psychological reactions that mobilize us to either confront or escape a threatening situation.
Fight-or-Flight 12
82
The hormone __________ further counters stress and promotes the tend-and-befriend response.
Oxycoton 12
83
True of False: People's first reaction to an extreme stressor involves activation of the autonomic nervous system. 12
True
84
Ulcers (are/aren't) cause by hot, spicy foods.
Are Not 12
85
Genes (play/do not play) a role in people's tendency to become overweight. 12
Play
86
The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Stress 12
87
What is crisis debriefing and how effective is it for people who have experienced a traumatic event? 12
Crisis Debreifing Sessions with a facilitator to help discuss people's reactions to a shared traumatic event may actually increast PTSD risk.
88
People who cope well in the aftermath of a stressor tend to display relatively (high/low) levels of functioning before the event.
High 12
89
The ability to step up and take action to reduce the impact of a stressful situation is an example of _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.12
Behaviour Control
90
Because of the ________ heuristic, we tend to underestimate certain risks to our health and overestimate others. 12
Availability
91
True of False: Most people at some point or another will experience an extremely stressful event. 12
True
92
Survivors of Hurrican Sandy might be of particular interest to researchers who study stress from which viewpoint?
Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12
93
What are the benefits of a strong social network when an individual is undergoing stressful or challenging life events? 12
Social Support can provide us with emotional comfort, financial assistance, and information.
94
Health psychologists make the treatment and prevention of _______ a high priority, because it's the leading cause of preventable disease and deaths in Canada and hte United States. 12
Smoking
95
The frequency and perceived severity of hassles are (better/worse) predictors of physical health than major life events.
Better 12
96
Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances.
Hardiness 12
97
Study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system.
Psychoneuroimmunology 12
98
Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart. Number 1 cause of Death in the US. 29% of Deaths in Canada; 22% v. 19% male to female ration., while 9% vs. 6% female to male ratio died of stroke.
Coronary Heart Disease 12
99
True of False: One major cause of ulcers is eating hot, spicy foods late at night. 12
False
100
Coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life's challenges head-on. Form of behaviour control.
Problem-Focused Coping 12
101
Cause of illness attributed to deep seated conflicts and emotional reactions.
Psychosomatic 12
102
AIDS in a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable disease in which the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ attacks and damages the immune system.
human immunodeficiency virus 12
103
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _________ is based on the premise that consuming an extremely diluted dose of an illness-inducing substance will activate the body's own natural defences against it. 12
Homeopathic Medicine
104
How can daily hassles such as traffic, a difficult relationship with a boss, or getting the wrong order at a restaurant affect our health? 12
Daily hassles and minor annoyances can add up and strain our ability to cope.
105
True of False: Obese people tend to be "jollier" than the nonobese. 12
False
106
An event so severe that it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences.
Trauma 12
107
Condition created by the narrowing and blocking of Artery walls caused by *cholestrol*. Associated with an inflamatory response in artery walls.
Atheroschlorosis 12
108
In a survey of New York City area residents after September 11th, researchers found that (25%/65%) of the sample were resiliant.
65% 12
109
Survivors of Hurricane Sandy might be of interest to those who study stress from what viewpoint?
Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12
110
When we encounter a potentially threatening event, we initially engage in ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to decide whether the event is harmful. 12
Primary Appraisal
111
Forms of Control
Behavioural - step up to deal with
Cognitive - think differently and adapt
Decisional - choose alternatives
Emotional - suppress or expresslon
Informational - learn about stressor 12
112
The severity, duration, and nearness to the stressor affect people's likelihood of developing _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
PostTraumatic Stress Disorder 12
113
We engage in _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when we anticipate stressful situations and take steps to prevent or minimize difficulties before they arise. 12
Cognitive Control
114
Published by Hans Selye
the Stress of Life 12
115
What are the similarities and differences between Shelley Taylor's tend-and-befriend response and the flight-or-flight response?
Both responses refer to ways of coping with stressors. During flight-or-flight, a person is physically and psychologically mobilized to either fight or fell. In contrast, during stress women often rely on social support and nurturing abilities (tend/befriend) to help cope. 12
116
Research has shown that heavy ________ is associated with significant increases in many different types of cancer, serious and sometimes fatal liver problems, and brain shrinkage and other neurological problems. 12
Drinking
117
True of False: Men and women are equally likely to exhibit a "tend-and-befriend" response. 12
False
118
An example of an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is overactive is (arthritis/alcoholism).
Arthritis 12
119
The ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _________ Scale is based on 43 life events ranked in terms of how stressful participants rated them. 12
Social Readjustment Rating
120
Giving up hope or dodging problems to cope with stress. Least effecting coping mechanism.
Avoidant-Oriented Coping 12
121
A hormone released by your adrenal glands and some neurons. Also called epinephrine.
Adrenal glands are located at the top of each kidney and are controlled by the pituitary gland.
It’s released in response to a stressful, exciting, dangerous, or threatening situation. Helps your body react more quickly, makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to make sugar to use for fuel.
Adrenaline 12
122
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ signal __ cells to attach to viruses and kill them. ____ cells produce __________ which attach to invaders and attract other proteins to destroy invaders.
cytokines | T cells | B cells | antibodies 12
123
True of False: Optimistic people are especially skilled at tolerating frustration. 12
True
124
Question based on 43 life events that ranks stressful situations and assigns them a value.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
125
True of False: Few people are resiliant in the face of extreme stress. 12
False
126
Remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body's own natural defences.
Homeopathic Medicine 12
127
True of False: The effects of accupuncture appeaer to be due to the redistribution of energy in the body. 12
False
128
Research has shown that stress (can/can't) decrease resistance to the cold virus.
Can 12
129
Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature.
Biofeedback 12
130
True of False: The effects of stressors can be cumulative. 12
True
131
True of False: The fact that a health product is "natural" means it's likely to be safe. 12
False
132
Our body's defence system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances.
Immune System 12
133
Exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body.
Aerobic Exercise 12
134
Stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
General Adaptation Syndrome [GAS] 12
135
Stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances.
Corticosteroid 12
136
Physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or escape a threatening situation.
Fight-or-Flight Response 12
