13 - Social Psychology

Question 1

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 1

Animals aggress only when goals thwarted

Question 2

Best predictor of aggression

Answer 2

Gender, either from socialization or testosterone

Question 3

Prejudice

Answer 3

Postive or negative evaluation of others based on group membership

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

Behavior towards others based on group membership

Question 5

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 5

Diminished responsibility when around others acting in same way

Question 6

Deindividuation

Answer 6

Being in group causes people to be less aware of individual values

Question 7

Bystander effect

Answer 7

Presence of others hinders individual from responding in an emergency situation

Question 8

Kin selection

Answer 8

Evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with relatives

Question 9

Attraction

Answer 9

Caused by situational, physical, psychological factors. Proximity. Mere exposure effect - frequency. Physical attractiveness - body shame, symmetry, age. Mates that are psychologically similar

Question 10

Passionate vs companionate love

Answer 10

Passionate - euphoria, intimacy, sexual attraction. Companionate - affection, trust, concern. Passionate goes down while companionate up over time.

Question 11

Social exchange

Answer 11

Hypothesis that people remain in relationships as long as there is favorable cost:ratio. Comparison levels - would other relationship be better. Equity - cost-benefit of both partners equal. Sunken cost- will stick with less optimal

Question 12

Norm

Answer 12

Regular standard for behavior shared by members of culture. Normative influence - another person’s behavior gives info on appropriateness. Reciprocity - benefit those who benefit you

Question 13

Connections with others effects

Answer 13

Relationships affect - risk of becoming obese skyrockers in friend becomes obese.

Question 14

Conformity

Answer 14

Doing what others do simply because they do.

Question 15

Obedience

Answer 15

Doing what powerful people say to do. Electric shock test.

Question 16

Changing beliefs

Answer 16

People evaluate accuracy of new beliefs by assessing consistency with old ones.

Question 17

Foot-in-the-door

Answer 17

Technique - small request followed by larger

Question 18

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 18

Unpleasant state that arises when person recognizes inconsistency of actions, attitudes, beliefs. Must change to alleviate anxiety

Question 19

Stereotyping

Answer 19

Drawing inferences based on knowledge of categories to which others belong. Can be inaccurate, overused, self-perpetuating (perceptual confirmation and self-fulfilling prophecy)

Question 20

Subtyping

Answer 20

Tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify stereotypes rather than abandon

Question 21

Attribution

Answer 21

Inference about cause of person’s behavior. Situational and dispositional. Fundamental attribution error - we tend to place emphasis on dispositional with others, situational with ourselves