13. Proteins Flashcards
What are the 2 types of proteins?
Globular and Fibrous
What are fibrous proteins mainly used for?
Structural
- keratin (nails)
- myosin (muscles)
What are globular p[roteins mainlky used for?
Functional
- enzymes
- hormones
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst?
What is mainly responsible for the complicated shape of functional proteins like enzymes.
Intermolecular attractions MAINLY H- bonding
What does “denaturing” mean with a protein?
Changing the shape (mainly of active site)
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the basic structure of an amino acid and what functional groups are present?
What reactions do amino acids undergo to form peptides and proteins
Condensation reaction
What is the functional group in peptides and proteins?
The peptide (amide) link (bond)
What are “essential” amino acids?
Amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the body and must be taken in as part of the diet
What bonds or attrcations are broken when a protein is denatured?
Hydrogen bonds
What conditions can cause a protein to be denatured?
- temperature
- pH
Proteins in the body
Why must proteins be “digested”?
- Structures too large to be absorbed into bloodstream
- body needs individual amino acids
