13. Periodontal Disease Flashcards
3
Bacterial plaque in the periodontal disease mechanism release _____ and stimulate _______.
3
Bacterial plaque releasing exotoxins and stimulating host inflammatory responses have what effect on junctional epithelium, pockets, and bone?
4
Where does inflammatory destruction begin in periodontitis?
4
Periodontitis results in loss of bone at the ______ and _____ of the PDL.
4
Is periodontitis horizontal or vertical bone loss?
5
How is asssessment of periodontal disease done? What is done first and then what is done as an adjunct?
6-7
What are 10 periodontal conditions assessed during radiographic assessment of periodontal conditions?
8
What are three imaging modalities for periodontitis?
9
What two things comprise intraoral imaging for periodontitis?
9
What provides the highest spatial resolution of any imaging modality?
9
What should be considered the primary imaging choice for characterizing periodontal disease? Why is this?
9
What does PA imaging help evaluate when it comes to periodontitis?
10
In a bitewing image, the plane of the image receptor is oriented ____ to the long axis of the tooth and the x-ray beam is directed _____ to the long axis of the tooth.
10
The teeth are depicted int heir correct position relative to the alveolar process in a bitewing when there is no overlapping of ________ or ______, and when the buccal and lingual cusps of molars are ______.
13
In patients with moderate to severe clinical attachment loss, horizontal bite wings may not depict ______. So, the receptor is reoriented at _____; same size 2 image receptors are used and are oriented such that the long axis of the receptor is in a _____ orientation.
14
What is a limitation of intraoral imaging for periodontal disease?
14
Where is bone loss often not seen with intraoral images?
14
WIth intraoral imaging, 2D images usually _____ bone loss.
14
Intraoral images do not show any ______ changes.
16
What are two disadvantages of panoramic images?
16
Should panoramic imaging be used as a primary imaging tool for periodontal disease?
17
CBCTs give the ability to ____ visualize __________.
17
Is there any anatomic superimposition in CBCT?
17
Does CBCT allow better visualization of periodontal defects?
18
What are two disadvantages of CBCT?
18
Does current evidence support the routine use of CBCT for imaging of the periodontium?
20
In normal anatomy, what overlies the crest of the alveolar process?
20
What is the height of the alveolar crest relative to the levels of the CEJs of adjacent teeth?
21
Between posterior teeth, the alveolar crest is oriented _____ to an _______.
21
Between anterior teeth, the alveolar crest is a ________ that may have a ______.
23
What are the changes in morphology of the supporting bone in periodontal disease?
23
What are changes to the trabecular density and pattern in periodontitis?
24
What are the early changes in the alveolar process in periodontal disease?
24
What early changes in the alveolar process are seen in the anterior region in periodontal disease?
24
What early changes in the alveolar process are seen in the posterior region in periodontal disease?
24
The changes in morphology of the alveolar process in periodontal disease may be described as:
- ______
- ______
- _______
26
Horizontal bone loss is the loss of alveolar bone where the crest is _______ (crest is more apical than ______mm) - parallel to the line joining CEJ.
26
What may the appearance of the alveolar crest be when the CEJs of adjacent teeth are at different horizontal levels?
27
What is considered minimal crestal bone loss? Moderate? Severe?
28
Vertical bone loss is the appearance of bone loss that is localized at ___________.
28
Is vertical bone loss associated with early or late stages of periodontitis?
28
Radiographically how does the outline of the remaining alveolar process typically appear for vertical bone loss?
30
What is the term for two walled trough-like depressions that develop in the crest of the alveolar process between adjacent teeth?
30
With interdental craters, the cancellous bone between _______ is resorbed.
30
Radiographically, how do interdental craters appear?
30
Are interdental craters more common in the anterior or the posterior?
32
How is a buccal or lingual cortical plate loss seen radiographically?
32
What shape is buccal or lingual cortical plate loss?
32
For a buccal or lingual cortical plate loss, depth of radiolucency is directed _____ in relation to the tooth.
34
Progressive periodontal disease and associated bone oss may extend to _____ of multirooted teeth.
34
What is strong evidence of furcation involvement?
35
What becomes prominent in mandibular molars if there has been sufficient loss of bone on either the lingual or buccal surface?
35
Why is maxillary molar root furcation involvement not as sharply defined on radiographs?
35
What is the shape of a maxillary molar furcation?
37
What are important tools to identify potential involved furcation sites?
38
What two things do radiolucent changes reflect?
38
What are radiopaque changes due to to?
38
Usually, bone reaction is a mixture of _____ and ____.
41
Where do periodontal abscesses originate?
41
What causes a periodontal abscess?
41
If a periodontal abscess is acute, is there a radiographic change?
41
If a periodontal abscess persists past the acute stage, does a radiolucent region appear?
41
The radiolucent lesion for a periodontal abscess may be a focal, round area of radiolucency with loss of ______.
43
Where is calculus most commonly seen?
45
What is a endo-perio lesion?
47
What shape may an endo-perio lesion be?
48
What are two good indicators of stabilization of periodontal disease?
51
What are malignant neoplasms associated with periodontitis?
51
How do malignant neoplasms affect the PDL space?
51
How do malignant neoplasms affect the lamina dura?
52
Malignancies can be confused with _________.
53
How may Langerhans Cell Histioocytosis often manifest? (First two bullets)
53
Where is the epicenter of bone destruction for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
