10. Panoramic Imaging

Question 1

2

Is a panoramic image 2D or 3D?

Question 2

2

What does a panoramic image depict?

Question 3

4

Compared with a full mouth examination, panoramic images show a broad coverage of _____ and ____.

Question 4

4

Compared with a full mouth examination, do panoramic images have a higher or lower radiation dose?

Question 5

4

Compared with a full mouth examination, panoramic images can be used in patients with ____ or in patients who cannot tolerate ______.

Question 6

5

What is a disadvantage of panoramic images?

Question 7

5

Magnification of panoramics is unequal, making _______ unreliable.

Question 8

5

Panoramic images are a superimposition of ___, ___, and _____ and requires careful visualization to decipher anatomic and pathologic details.

Question 9

5

Panoramic imaging requires _______ to avoid positioning errors and artificats.

Question 10

5

With panoramic images it is difficult to image both jaws when the patient has _______.

Question 11

10

What is the focal trough in a panoramic imae?

Question 12

10

Structures positioned _______ of the focal trough are the clearest and those that are _________ of the focal trough become progressively less clear.

Question 13

10

Objects outside of the focal trough are ____, ______, or _______.

Question 14

10

If a structure is outside the focal trough and is closer to the X ray source, how will it appear on the radiograph?

Question 15

10

If a structure is outside the focal trough and is closer to the receptor, how will it appear on the radiograph?

Question 16

11

In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures between the moving center of rotation and the receptor form _______ (_____).

Question 17

11

In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures lying between the moving center of rotation and the receptor that are imaged twice (green zone) cast _____.

Question 18

11

What are 5 structures that are cast as double images on panoramics?

Question 19

11

In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures located between the x-ray source and the moving center of rotation (orange zone) cast ______.

Question 20

13

What needs to be removed before doing a panoramic?

Question 21

13

Where should the patient be looking when the panoramic is being taken?

Question 22

13

How is the anteroposterior head position achieved when doing a pano?

Question 23

13

The patient’s midsagittal plane must be centered within the _____ using vertical laser light in the unit.

Question 24

13

The patient’s _______ must be aligned with the horizontal laser light in the unit when doing a pano.

Question 25

17

What would cause an error of palatoglossal air space on a pano?

Question 26

17

A palatoglossal air space error makes it difficult to diagnose ______.

Question 27

What does the black area on the image represent?

Answer 27

Palatoglossal air space

Question 28

What does the dotted line represent?

Answer 28

Palatoglossal air space

Question 29

20

How will the anterior teeth appear if the anterior teeth are too anterior to the bite stick?

Question 30

20

What is the horizontal plane issue if the teeth are too anterior to the notch on the bite stick?

Question 31

20

How would the overall image quality appear if the teeth are too anterior to the notch on the bite stick?

Question 32

21

How will the anterior teeth appear if the teeth are too posterior to the notch in the bite stick?

Question 33

21

How will the overall image quality appear if the teeth are too posterior to the notch in the bite stick?

Question 34

21

Where are the teeth relative to the receptor if the teeth are too posterior on the bite stick? How does this affect the magnification?

Question 35

23

How will the mandible appear if the patient’s head is tilted upward and the Frankfort plane is up?

Question 36

23

What will be superimposed on the maxillary roots if the head is tipped up during a pano?

Question 37

23

If the head is tipped up during a pano, how might the smile appear?

Question 38

25

How will the mandible appear in a pano where the head was tipped downward?

Question 39

25

How will the mandibular incisors appear in a pano where the head is tipped down?

Question 40

25

How will the smile appear in a pano where the head is tipped downward?

Question 41

26

Head tipped down in a pano will result in a ____ smile.

Question 42

28

What happens to the ramus and molars when the head is turned during a pano?

Question 43

28

Why is there magnification of the ramus and molars on the side that is turned when the head is turned during a pano?

Question 44

29

What two things and on what side is there magnification when the head is turned to the right during a pano?

Question 45

29

How do the interproximals appear when the head is turned on a pano?

Question 46

30

What is a midline shift?

Question 47

30

What is outside the focal trough when there is a left midline shift?

Question 48

30

What is magnified when there is a midline shift to the left? Why?

Question 49

30

Are the anterior teeth magnified in both a midline shift and a head rotation?

Question 50

33

What will the cervical vertebrae do to the x-ray if the patient is not standing straight?

Question 51

33

The cervical vertebrae blocking the x-ray beam results in a ____ in the center of the film. This blends in with the ______.

Question 52

33

The Cervical Vertebrae blocking the x-ray beam is also called the _______.

Question 53

What is this an image of?

Answer 53

Cervical Vertebrae / “Washington Monument”