10. Panoramic Imaging Flashcards
2
Is a panoramic image 2D or 3D?
2
What does a panoramic image depict?
4
Compared with a full mouth examination, panoramic images show a broad coverage of _____ and ____.
4
Compared with a full mouth examination, do panoramic images have a higher or lower radiation dose?
4
Compared with a full mouth examination, panoramic images can be used in patients with ____ or in patients who cannot tolerate ______.
5
What is a disadvantage of panoramic images?
5
Magnification of panoramics is unequal, making _______ unreliable.
5
Panoramic images are a superimposition of ___, ___, and _____ and requires careful visualization to decipher anatomic and pathologic details.
5
Panoramic imaging requires _______ to avoid positioning errors and artificats.
5
With panoramic images it is difficult to image both jaws when the patient has _______.
10
What is the focal trough in a panoramic imae?
10
Structures positioned _______ of the focal trough are the clearest and those that are _________ of the focal trough become progressively less clear.
10
Objects outside of the focal trough are ____, ______, or _______.
10
If a structure is outside the focal trough and is closer to the X ray source, how will it appear on the radiograph?
10
If a structure is outside the focal trough and is closer to the receptor, how will it appear on the radiograph?
11
In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures between the moving center of rotation and the receptor form _______ (_____).
11
In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures lying between the moving center of rotation and the receptor that are imaged twice (green zone) cast _____.
11
What are 5 structures that are cast as double images on panoramics?
11
In this image, the dotted line is the path of the moving center of rotation during the exposure cycle. Structures located between the x-ray source and the moving center of rotation (orange zone) cast ______.
13
What needs to be removed before doing a panoramic?
13
Where should the patient be looking when the panoramic is being taken?
13
How is the anteroposterior head position achieved when doing a pano?
13
The patient’s midsagittal plane must be centered within the _____ using vertical laser light in the unit.
13
The patient’s _______ must be aligned with the horizontal laser light in the unit when doing a pano.
17
What would cause an error of palatoglossal air space on a pano?
17
A palatoglossal air space error makes it difficult to diagnose ______.
What does the black area on the image represent?
Palatoglossal air space
What does the dotted line represent?
Palatoglossal air space
20
How will the anterior teeth appear if the anterior teeth are too anterior to the bite stick?
20
What is the horizontal plane issue if the teeth are too anterior to the notch on the bite stick?
20
How would the overall image quality appear if the teeth are too anterior to the notch on the bite stick?
21
How will the anterior teeth appear if the teeth are too posterior to the notch in the bite stick?
21
How will the overall image quality appear if the teeth are too posterior to the notch in the bite stick?
21
Where are the teeth relative to the receptor if the teeth are too posterior on the bite stick? How does this affect the magnification?
23
How will the mandible appear if the patient’s head is tilted upward and the Frankfort plane is up?
23
What will be superimposed on the maxillary roots if the head is tipped up during a pano?
23
If the head is tipped up during a pano, how might the smile appear?
25
How will the mandible appear in a pano where the head was tipped downward?
25
How will the mandibular incisors appear in a pano where the head is tipped down?
25
How will the smile appear in a pano where the head is tipped downward?
26
Head tipped down in a pano will result in a ____ smile.
28
What happens to the ramus and molars when the head is turned during a pano?
28
Why is there magnification of the ramus and molars on the side that is turned when the head is turned during a pano?
29
What two things and on what side is there magnification when the head is turned to the right during a pano?
29
How do the interproximals appear when the head is turned on a pano?
30
What is a midline shift?
30
What is outside the focal trough when there is a left midline shift?
30
What is magnified when there is a midline shift to the left? Why?
30
Are the anterior teeth magnified in both a midline shift and a head rotation?
33
What will the cervical vertebrae do to the x-ray if the patient is not standing straight?
33
The cervical vertebrae blocking the x-ray beam results in a ____ in the center of the film. This blends in with the ______.
33
The Cervical Vertebrae blocking the x-ray beam is also called the _______.
What is this an image of?
Cervical Vertebrae / “Washington Monument”
