13 Ortho/soft tissue Pathology Flashcards
What is the #1 cause of bone cancer?
metastasis
where do most primary bone tumors form?
at the metaphasis
Which bones do osteomas generally target?
bones of the skull and face.
where do most primary bone tumors form?
at the metaphyses
which type of tumor is this describing: pediatric bone tumor that is generally small?
Osteoid osteoma
Know this about Oseoid osteoma (4 things)?
1) lesions cause night pain
2) Respond to NSAIDS/aspirin
3) occur at the metaphysis
4) small
Osteoblastoma is very similar to osteoid osteoma. The differences are that osteoblastoma…(3)?
1) Larger than osteoid osteoma (>2cm)
2 Tends to localize to vertibre (vs long bone metaphyses)
3) not helped by NSAIDS
which tumor is all of the above:
1) a malignant mesenchymal tumor
2) produces malignant osteoid
3) predominates in children
4) associated with Paget’s disease
Osteosarcoma
How do you treat osteosarcoma?
chemotherapy followed by resection.
what does it mean to be a responder?
It is generally talking about osteosarcoma and the fact that some people respond to the chemotherapy treatment (90%) Those who respond have a much higher long term survival rate.
What 4 things define an Enchondroma?
1) benign tumor of hyaline cartilage
2) small in size
3) well circumscribed
4) usually involves tubular bones of the hand.
What is an osteochondroma?
bony outgrowths with a cartilaginous cap.
What is the worst case scenario for an osteochondroma?
they can rarely undergo malignant transformation to a chondrosarcoma.
what 4 characteristics define a chondroblastoma?
1) cartilaginous tumor
2) occurs in young persons
3) forms at epiphysis
4) looks like chicken wire on histology
T/F Chondrosarcomas are adult cartilage forming sarcomas defined by permeative growth.
True
Do high grade chondrosarcomas have a high metastatic risk?
Yes very high
T/F It is often difficult to tell the difference between an enchondroma and osteosarcoma on histology?
true
What do you see on histology of a De-differentiated chondrosarcoma?
an abrupt transformation of well differentiated chondrosarcoma to a high grade sarcoma that cannot be specifically identified to a certain tissue type.
How do you treat giant cell tumors? do they tend to reoccur?
lesions are treated by curetage
they commonly reoccur
what 4 characteristics describe giant cell tumors?
1) large tumors
2) destructive
3) epiphysial based
4) composed of sheets of mononuclear cells mixed with giant cells.
what is another name for Ewings sarcoma?
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
what drives the formation of Ewings sarcoma?
reciprocal translocations of chromosomes 11 and 22 involving EWSR 1 and ETS TF’s.
T/F CD99 and (MIC 2) markers can be used with IHC to diagnose Ewings sarcoma?
True these help to make the diagnosis but do not solidify the Dx.
T/F Multiagent chemotherapy followed by surgery cures about 20% of the Ewing sarcoma cases?
False, it cures closer to 2/3 of the patients.
which 2 types of carcinoma metastases are osteoblastic? (for our purposes here)
1) breast cancer
2) prostate cancer
which type of carcinoma metastases is mixed? (osteoblastic and osteolytic)
1) Lung
which 2 types of carcinoma metastasis are osteolytic?
1) Thyroid
2) Kidney
