13: Organic chemistry and environmental chem

Question 1

Properties of organic compounds

Answer 1

• Organic compounds are much more soluble in nonpolar solvents than in polar solvents. Remember: Like dissolves like. So, they are not soluble in water, which is polar.
• Organic compounds don’t dissociate in solution; since organic compounds do not contain ionic bonds, they will not dissociate into ions. so, they are poor electrolytes and don’t conduct electricity.

Question 2

Diff btn saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 2

• Saturated hydrocarbons are ones in which carbon is bonded to as many atoms as possible (ex: alkanes)
• Unsaturated are hydrocarbons in which carbon is not bonded to as many atoms as possible (ex: alkenes & alkynes)

Question 3

What is polymerization

Answer 3

is the process by which two or more monomers are joined together to form a large compound. In condensation polymerization two monomers are joined in a rx that produces water.

Question 4

Four major groups of biomolecule

Answer 4

• lipids
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids
• proteins

Question 5

How does oxygen exist in elemental form in the atmosphere to form ozone with diatomic oxygen

Answer 5

it exists by Photodissociation by which a bond is broken as a molecule absorbs a photon of light energy

Question 6

what is the green house effect

Answer 6

refers to the buildup of carbon dioxide, CO2, and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Question 7

Describe the dangers of carbon monoxide pollutant

Answer 7

it is the dangerous to people bcs it reacts with hemoglobin irreversibly

Question 8

What is always the limiting reagent in combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 8

• the hydrocarbon will always be the limiting reagent. There’s plenty of oxygen in the atmosphere

Question 9

Properties of lipids

Answer 9

• C, H, O atoms connected in long branching chains.
• they form droplets when placed in water
• make up cell walls (phospholipids)
  Ex: fats and oils, triglycerides.

Question 10

Properties of carbohydrates

Answer 10

• C, H, O in ratio 1:2:1 aka sugars
• they are polymers made of sugar monomers
• can be straight chains of these sugar monomers or extensively branched.

Question 11

properties Nucleic acids

Answer 11

C, H, O, N, P. Are monomers of nucleotides (DNA, RNA)

Question 12

Properties of proteins

Answer 12

• are polymers of amino acids monomers
• has two functional groups - COOH and -NH2.
  Ex: enzymes, polypeptides