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Computer Science > 1.3 Networks , Connection And Protocols > Flashcards

1.3 Networks , Connection And Protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internet ?

A

A collection of inter-connected networks

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2
Q

What is the World Wide Web?

A

A service that makes use of the Internet.

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3
Q

What is a Wide Area Network ?

A

Any network in which computers communicate using resources supplied by a “third party carrier”.

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4
Q

What are features of a WAN ?

A
  • Uses cables, telephone lines , satellites or radio waves to connect two remote locations
  • Have an admin team.
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5
Q

What is an IP address ?

A

Internet Protocol Address

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6
Q

What is IPv4 ?

A
  • 4 8-bit numbers separated by dots (0 -255)
  • eg. 72.129.214.16
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7
Q

What is IPv6 ?

A
  • 128 bit numbers represented in hex.
  • eg. 1023:Oefl:0000:0000:34dd
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8
Q

What is a packet ?

A

A smaller part of a larger piece of data.

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9
Q

What is packet switching ?

A

messages are broken up into very small pieces and packets are sent individually across the network and put back together to reform the message at the other end.

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10
Q

What does each packet contain ?

A

A header containing Dest IP address, Origin IP address, sequence in packets and number of packets

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11
Q

What is a Local Area Network ?

A
  • a network that is geographically confined to one building or site.
  • LANs are owned and maintained by the organisation.
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12
Q

What affects performance of networks ?

A
  • number of devices on the network
  • bandwidth of the transmission medium
  • type of network traffic
  • network latency
  • number of transmission errors
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13
Q

What is Bandwidth ?

A

measure of the amount of
data that the medium can transfer over a given period of time.

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14
Q

What is Network Latency ?

A

how long it takes a message to travel from one device to another across a network

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15
Q

What types of transmission medium are there ?

A
  • Ethernet
  • Wifi
  • Satellite
  • Bluetooth
  • Fiber Optic
  • Copper Cable
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16
Q

How is latency affected ?

A

number of devices on the network and the type of connection device.

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17
Q

How does a transmission error happen ?

A

A collision occurs when two devices on a network try to communicate simultaneously along the same communication channel.

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18
Q

What is a client - server network ?

A

computer networking where the data is hosted on a server and accessed by client computers.

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19
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network ?

A
  • all computers on the network share responsibility
  • there is no one central server.
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20
Q

What is a server ?

A
  • A computer that holds data to be shared with other computers
  • require server software.
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21
Q

What are typical servers ?

A
  • File servers
  • Application servers
  • Web servers
  • Print servers
  • Mail servers
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22
Q

What is client ?

A

a computer that relies on other computers (servers) to provide and manage
data

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23
Q

What are characteristics of a client?

A
  • do not usually store data
  • no control over the network as a whole or over individual computers.
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24
Q

What are characteristics of a peer-to peer network ?

A
  • Peers store their own files, which can be accessed by other peers on the network.
  • peer is both a client and a server.
  • best suited to smaller organisations
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25
Q

What is a NIC ?

A

A card that is installed in a computer so it can be connected to a network .

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of a NIC and a wireless NIC ?

A
  • offers an interface port
  • provides a radio transceiver
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27
Q

What are characteristics of a fibre-optic cable ?

A
  • Expensive
  • Over 40 terabits per s
  • maximum distance over 2 km
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28
Q

What are characteristics of a twisted copper cable ?

A
  • Cheap
  • Up to 1 gigabit per s
  • maximum distance up to 100m
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29
Q

What are characteristics of a wireless connection ?

A
  • use radio waves to carry signals.
  • signals are limited in range (usually up to 50 metres)
  • ideal for mobile devices
30
Q

What is a router ?

A
  • Transfer data packets between computer networks
  • used to gain a broadband internet connection
31
Q

What is a hub ?

A
  • A multiport repeater having several input/ output ports that allows wired devices to connect to a network ?
32
Q

What is a switch ?

A
  • Receives data from a port
  • uses packet switching to resolve the destination
  • forwards the data rather then broadcasting it as a hub
33
Q

What is a WAP ?

A
  • uses a radio transceiver to allow wireless connections to a network
  • used to extend the range of a wireless network
34
Q

What model does the internet mainly work on ?

A

Client- server

35
Q

What is Hosting ?

A

storing of files and
data on a web server

36
Q

What is a Host ?

A

The web server

37
Q

What is the URL ?

A
  • Uniform resource locator
  • Each web page address on a network is written as a URL. It contains the IP address and the DNS and web page details.
38
Q

What does the host name consist of ?

A

three hierarchical levels in reverse

39
Q

What is the DNS ?

A
  • The Domain Name System made up of domain names
40
Q

What is the DNS used for ?

A
  • Used to refer to an IP address .
    -Translates a web address into an IP address
41
Q

Can your IP address change ?

A

YES

42
Q

What is a MAC ?

A

A media access control address that is assigned to each NIC card by the manufacturer.

43
Q

Is every single MAC address unique ?

A

YES there are 2^48 possibilities.

44
Q

What is Bluetooth ?

A

A wireless method of connecting devices together over a short distance.

  • Uses radio waves at 2.4 GHz
  • Devices typically within 10 m
45
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of 2.4 GHz ?

A
  • Greater range and coverage
  • More interference due to crowded frequency.
46
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of 5 GHz ?

A
  • Less crowded with 23 non-overlapping channels and higher data transmission rates
  • Less able to penetrate through walls.
47
Q

What is the cloud ?

A

remotely accessed storage via the internet

48
Q

What are advantages of cloud storage ?

A
  • access files from any location or any device, so long as an internet connection exists
  • access can be granted to another user so they can remotely access your data
  • cloud storage services back up the data for you
49
Q

What are disadvantages of cloud storage ?

A
  • no guarantee that someone else is not accessing your data
  • no guarantee that your data is being backed-up
  • no connection means no access to data
50
Q

What is a node ?

A

Any device connected to a network either by wire or wirelessly.

51
Q

What is a network topology ?

A

A network’s topology is the arrangement, or pattern, in which all nodes on a network are connected together.

52
Q

What is a star topology ?

A

-all nodes indirectly connect to each other through one or more switches

-The switch acts as a central point

53
Q

How are large networks using a star topology ?

A

Controlled by one or more server

54
Q

What are advantages of using star topology ?

A
  • each node is separately connected, failure of one node or its link does not affect any other nodes
    -new nodes can be added by connecting to switch
    -have higher performance as a message is passed on to its intended recipient only
55
Q

What are disadvantages of using star topology ?

A
  • the whole network fails if the switch fails as no node can communicate

-a wired star topology requires plenty of cable - in a large network this can be expensive

56
Q

Where can star topologies be found ?

A

-found in large organisations, such as educational establishments and businesses

-also home networks

57
Q

What is a mesh topology ?

A
  • no central connection point
  • each node is connected to at least one other node and usually to more than one
    -nodes act as relays
58
Q

What are the two types of mesh topology ?

A
  • full mesh topology
  • partial mesh topology
59
Q

How does a full mesh network work ?

A

-each node is directly connected to every other node.

  • enables a message to be sent along many individual routes.
60
Q

How does a partial mesh network work ?

A
  • not all nodes are connected directly to each other.
  • A partial mesh therefore has fewer routes for a message to travel along

-simpler to implement.

61
Q

What are the advantages of using a mesh topology ?

A
  • messages can be received more quickly
  • messages should always get through
  • multiple connections mean each node can transmit to and receive from more than one node at the same time
  • new nodes can be added without interruption
62
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a mesh topology ?

A
  • full mesh networks can be impractical to set up because of the high number of connections needed
  • many connections require a lot of maintenance
63
Q

What are the main protocols ?

A
  • TCP/IP
  • HTTP/S
  • FTP
  • SMTP
  • POP + IMAP
64
Q

What is layering ?

A

breaking up communication into separate components or activities.

65
Q

What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model ?

A
  • Application Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Link Layer
66
Q

What is the purpose of the application layer ?

A

encodes/decodes the message in a form that is understood by the sender and the recipient.

67
Q

What is the purpose of the Transport layer ?

A
  • breaks down the message into packets
  • packets are given a number and total packets
68
Q

What is the purpose of the Network layer ?

A
  • Adds the sender’s and recipients IP address
  • Network knows where to send and where it came from
69
Q

What is the purpose of the Link Layer ?

A
  • enables the transfer of packets between
    nodes on a network, and between one network and another.
70
Q

What does layering allow for the development of ?

A

Standards

Computer Science (22 decks)

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