Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OCR Computer Science GCSE > 1.3 - Networks > Flashcards

1.3 - Networks Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A

A network in a small geographical area (same building or a small site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who owns the infrastructure for a LAN?

A

Network owner

The organisation using it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A

A network in a large geographical area (across a country)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who owns the infrastructure for a WAN?

A

Third parties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the advantages of using a Client-Server network?

A
  • Controlled centrally: easy to backup data and update software
  • Hardware, software and resources can be shared across the network
  • Easy to add new clients to the network
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Client-Server network?

A
  • Traffic congestion will cause network to slow down
  • Reliant on server: If the server fails, the whole network fails
  • IT technicians required to maintain the network
  • Malware can spread quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the advantages of using a Peer-to-Peer network?

A
  • Simple setup: no server is required
  • Not dependent on a server
  • Easy to share files between systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a Peer-to-Peer network?

A
  • No central device to manage security or backups
  • More devices = decrease in performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are data packets?

A

Files broken down into smaller parts to be transferred across a network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is in the header of a data packet?

A
  • Source address
  • Destination address
  • Packet number
  • Protocol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is in the payload of a data packet?

A

The data itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is in the trailer of a data packet?

A

A checksum: a calculation to see if any errors or corruption has occurred during transmission)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a network topology?

A

Layout of computer systems on a local network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a star topology?

A

Each computer system is connected to a central device (hub or switch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the advantages of a star topology?

A
  • Improved security as data packets are sent directly to and from the hub / switch
  • Easy to add new systems
  • Fast transfer speeds as there are minimal network collisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star topology?

A
  • Extra hardware required
  • If the central system fails, the whole network will fail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A

Each computer system is connected to every other computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the advantages of a mesh topology?

A
  • Not reliant on central node: If one cable or system fails, data packets can take an alternative route
  • Can withstand large amounts of data traffic
  • New systems can be added without disrupting the entire topology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are disadvantages of a mesh topology?

A
  • Large amount of cables mean it can be expensive to install and maintain
  • Redundant cabling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What affects network performance?

A
  • Bandwidth
  • Number of users at the same time
  • Transmission media
  • Error rate
  • Latency
  • Number of data collisions
  • Interference (e.g. thick walls)
  • Distance to travel / signal strength
  • Amount of data to transfer
  • Applications being used
  • Server / CPU performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The maximum amount of data that can be sent across a network at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is latency?

A

The delay from transmitting media to receiving it. Caused by bottlenecks in the infrastructure of the network.

23
Q

What kinds of network hardware are there?

A
  • Wireless Access Point (WAP)
  • Router
  • Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • Transmission medium
  • Switch
24
Q

What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A

Links wireless and wired networks

25
Q

What does a router do?

A

Transfers data packets between networks

26
Q

What does a switch do?

A

Connects devices together on a LAN

-Sends data between computers on a LAN
-They segment the network by forwarding traffic to the correct location
-Switches learn which devices are connected and understand how to forward traffic in an intelligent way

27
Q

What does a Network Interface Card (NIC) do? What does it contain?

A

They use a protocol to determine how the connection should work. They allow a device to connect to either a wired or wireless network.

They contain a unique hardware address, called a MAC address

28
Q

What kinds of transmission media are there?

A
  • Ethernet cables
  • Fibre Optic cables
  • Coaxial cables
29
Q

What are ethernet cables?

A

Used on a LAN to transfer data

30
Q

What are Fibre Optic cables?

A

Very fast but expensive and fragile cables with higher bandwidth than copper cables, used to send data quickly along a WAN as pulses of light

31
Q

What are coaxial cables?

A

Older, slower copper cables

32
Q

What is the Internet?

A

A global network of interconnected networks

33
Q

What are IP addresses used for?

A

Locate devices on the Internet geographically

34
Q

What is an IPv4 address?

A
  • 4 values where the largest number for each value is 255, each separated by a dot
  • E.G: 128.10.2.255
35
Q

What is an IPv6 address?

A
  • 8 hexadecimal numbers where the largest value for each is FFFF, each separated by a colon
  • E.G: 1A28:724C:1111:4812:FE38:579B:BA34:111B
36
Q

Give 2 differences between IP addresses and MAC addresses.

A
  • IP addresses are configured by software, MAC addresses are configured by hardware
  • IP addresses can be changed, MAC addresses can’t be changed
  • IPv4 addresses are 4 bytes long, MAC addresses are 6 bytes long
  • IPv4 is written in denary, MAC addresses are written in hexadecimal
  • IP addresses are used for routing across the internet/a WAN, MAC addresses are only used within the LAN
37
Q

What does a Domain Name Server do (DNS)?

A

When a URL is entered, a DNS looks up its IP address

38
Q

What do cloud servers do?

A

Host resources or files that can be accessed through the Internet

39
Q

What are protocols?

A

A set of rules enabling devices to communicate

40
Q

What are networking standards?

A

Rules that allow computer systems to communicate across networks

41
Q

What does Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) do?

A

Splits data into packets and handles errors

42
Q

What does Internet Protocol (IP) do?

A

Routes and assigns IP addresses to data packets

43
Q

What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/S) for?

A

Is used to transfer web pages over the internet so that users can view them in a web browser, HTTPS is encrypted

44
Q

What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for?

A

For sending files

For downloading or uploading a file from or to a server

45
Q

What is Post Office Protocol (POP) for?

A

Inbound emails, no server sync

Used to retrieve email, however the email is downloaded onto the device

46
Q

What is Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) for?

A

Inbound email, mail client syncs with mail server

47
Q

What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for?

A

Outbound email

48
Q

What is WiFi and Bluetooth for?

A

Wireless Internet, WiFi = LAN, Bluetooth = for one person

49
Q

Describe wired connections in comparison to wireless

A

Wired connections use physical cables, such as Ethernet and copper or fibre optic wires, and require a network interface card (NIC) to connect to a network.

They are faster and more secure than wireless but restrict movement

50
Q

Describe wireless connections in comparison to wired

A

Wireless connections, such as WiFi or bluetooth use no cables but require a wireless network interface card (WNIC).

They allow freedom of movement. However, wireless connections generally have a slower speed, are less secure and can be affected by the computer’s distance from the wireless router and interference.

51
Q

What is a layer?

A

A grouping of protocols that perform similar functions

52
Q

What is the 4-Layer TCP-IP model?

A
  1. Application: Allows humans and software applications to use the same network
  2. Transport: Makes sure the data is sent and received in the correct order and reassembled at the destination
  3. Network: Optimal route for data is calculated
  4. Data Link: Handles transmission errors and passes data to the physical layer
53
Q

Define encryption

A

Encryption is the process of encoding data so that it cannot be easily understood if stolen or intercepted. (1 mark).
In this process plain text is converted into cipher text by using an encryption key. (1 mark)
The original text can only be understood if the user has the decryption key. (1 mark)

OCR Computer Science GCSE (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions