1.3 Nazi economic development and policies Flashcards
in 1934, what happened between USA and Germany
Germany failed to pay back US debts, trade with US collapsed
when was the first 4 year plan announced
1st jan 1933
what was the first 4 year plans aim
Autarky
what was the unemployment change from 1933-36
1933 = 4.8 million
1936 = 1.5 million
What was RAD
reich labour service schemes
- low pay/basic food
- accommodation in labour camps
what was the autobahn project
rapid creation of efficient road system
how many trucks built in 1934-6 due to road building schemes
over 120,000
what was the RNS (reich food estate)
- regulate food production
-set farm prices/wages - can fine people up to RM 100,000 for not conforming
what did the minister of agriculture do in 1933
increased import tariffs. made German produce cheaper
what were lots of young women sent to do
work on farms and building projects
How much of all farm produce was provided by German Farmers in 1928 and 1934
1928 = 68%
1934 = 80%
when was the law for protection of retail trade
1933
What was the Law of the protection of Retail trade
stopped building new stores. banned expansion.
- small business support hitler
what was the only union
German Labour front, DAF
when was the DAF established
May 1933
what did the DAF do
voluntary to join - but difficult to find work if didn’t join
what did Schact do for trade with South East Europe
exchanged goods rather than pay for imports (worked in Short term)
what was the aim for the 2nd 4 year plan
Cut Consumption, prepare for war
what is a command Economy
When a state, decided what and how much to produce
when was the second 4 year plan
1936
who had control over 2nd 4 year plan
Goering
what did Germany do to the Raw materials it couldn’t produce in Autarky
replaced with synthetic alternatives e.g. Rubber –> ‘Buna’
how much coal did it take to produce synthetic fuel
6 tonnes of coal to produce 1 tonne of synthetic fuel (coal was needed to heat home)
what did nazis try to ‘re-educate’ people with in the 2nd four-year plan
Consume less meat + fat with propaganda, as it was considered less ‘patriotic’
became Guns vs Butter debate
what happened to jam consumption 1928-38
trebled, cuts on meat/fats success (but not fully)
how much of agricultural needs was Germany importing in 1934 and 1938
1934 = 20%
1938 = 17%
not as successful as hoped
who resented the 2nd four year plan
Big Industrialists who made consumer goods (previously supported Hitler)
in 1942 how many tonnes of Coal had been produced
400,000 tonnes (aim was over 200,000)
in 1942 how many tonnes of oil produced
over 6,000 tonnes (aim was over 13,000)
what was a surprising success in the second 4 year plan
Rearmament was a success without putting up prices or wages, no protesting
from 1933-39, what happened to cost of living
Increased by 5% (not as bad as Weimar)
from 1933-39 what happened to Real wages
increased by 17% of 1928 average
who was divided in the standard of living
‘Pure germans’ + ‘Undesirables’
when was the Strength Through Joy created
Nov 1933
what did the Strength through joy do
provided loans, medical care and leisure activities such as owning motorcars
when was the NSV set up
1933
what was the NSV
Social welfare, for those ‘deserving’ of help
aim to create healthy nation not help individuals
What did the NSV create for Parents
Ran Mother + Child Programmes + kindergartens
by 1938 = 10,000 of these
what did the NSV create for housing
by 1939, over 1 million voluntary workers + 500,000 block wardens responsible for 30-60 households
1933, what happened when Hitler asked of contribution to Winter Aid soup kitchen
day after plea he had RM2 million donations
when was T4 programme introduced
August 1939
what was the T4 programme in August 1939
- hospital staff had to report children under 3 showing signs of disability
- Parents offered disabled children to ‘Specialist Clinics’ for them to be killed
how did T4 programme change in Oct 1939
extended to cover up to age 17 (previously 3)
what happened with the T4 programme by Jan 1940
extended to the old, mentally ill or chronically sick
70,000 people died
when were ‘asocial’ people sent to be educated at ‘Hashude’
1936-40
what happened at ‘Hashude’
fenced off housing for 78 families
- lessons of propaganda
- stopped when housing was scarce
what were ‘asocial’ people
people who failed to pay rent/were alcoholic
How much ammunition did Germany have by September 1939
6 weeks worth (wanted 4 months)
who was trusted + ignored pre War
those who knew latest engineering techniques IGNORED
Unqualified Nazi officials trusted
what did Hitler request Dec 1941
For more Weapon production
But never enforced adoption of Todt’s plans
when did Todd die
1942, plane crash
when was Central Planning board created
1942
what was the aim of the central planning board
Organise Weapon production, group of specialists - could be overridden by Hitler
what happened to production in 1942
Factories adapted for mass production, more mechanised
1944, how much of workforce was in the Army
1944 - 13% workforce
what happened in June 1940
france falls, Germany need U-boats, longer range planes for conquest of Britain
What happened June 1941
Operation Barbarossa, Germany needed tanks against USSR.
was Speer’s new system effective
new system made industrial changes easier, but still cause delays
what was effected due to Allied Bombing
War production
- Upper Silesias coal
- damage to water supplies
- sabotage by foreign owrkers
what happened to Food production
negatively impacted by loss of farm workers to front lines
when did Germany surrender
8th May 1945
