1.3 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

P - E

No nucleus - nucleus

Bacteria and archaea - animals and plants

Unicellular and smaller - multicellular

No membrane bound organelles - have membrane bound organelles

Reproduction asexual - sexual

DNA is circular. Can have one or more small rings, called plasmids - DNA is linear

cell wall - cell wall for plants only

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2
Q

How big is a eukaryotic cell?

A

10-100 micrometers

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3
Q

How big is a prokaryotic cell?

A

1 micrometer

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4
Q

How big is a virus?

A

100 nm

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5
Q

How big is DNA?

A

10 nm

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6
Q

How big is an atom?

A

1 nm

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7
Q

Put the following things in size order, staring with the largest: eukaryotic cell, virus, atom, DNA, prokaryotic cell

A
  1. Eukaryotic cell
  2. Prokaryotic cell
  3. Virus
  4. DNA
  5. Atom
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8
Q

Describe the difference between the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell and the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell

A

Genetic material in a prokaryotic cell isn’t contained in a nucleus, and may include extra rings of DNA (plasmids) separate from main genetic material

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9
Q

Describe what the flagella are

A

Long protein strand that lashes out

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10
Q

State one use of a flagella in a prokaryote

A

Movement

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11
Q

A cell nucleus has an average length of 6 micrometers, calculate the order of magnitude comparison between the nucleus and a small plant cell

A

small animal cell length around 10 μm
10/6 = 1.7
Length of small animal cell is same order of magnitude as cell nucleus.

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12
Q

Describe the similarities and differences between the features found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic plant and animal cells.

A
  • All cells have cell membranes and cytoplasm
  • and both prokaryotes and eukaryotes can have cell wall.
  • Prokaryotes have no nucleus and no chloroplasts
  • whilst eukaryotes have no plasmids
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13
Q

Some people think that structures found in plant and animal cells such as chloroplasts and mitochondria may have originally been free-living bacteria. Evaluate this possibility using the sizes of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic organelles to support the argument.

A
  • bacteria are 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than eukaryotic cells
  • contain free genetic material
  • can reproduce
  • mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to bacteria
  • contain genetic material so they can reproduce independently of the cell dividing
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