1.3 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic Flashcards
Describe the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
P - E
No nucleus - nucleus
Bacteria and archaea - animals and plants
Unicellular and smaller - multicellular
No membrane bound organelles - have membrane bound organelles
Reproduction asexual - sexual
DNA is circular. Can have one or more small rings, called plasmids - DNA is linear
cell wall - cell wall for plants only
How big is a eukaryotic cell?
10-100 micrometers
How big is a prokaryotic cell?
1 micrometer
How big is a virus?
100 nm
How big is DNA?
10 nm
How big is an atom?
1 nm
Put the following things in size order, staring with the largest: eukaryotic cell, virus, atom, DNA, prokaryotic cell
- Eukaryotic cell
- Prokaryotic cell
- Virus
- DNA
- Atom
Describe the difference between the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell and the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell
Genetic material in a prokaryotic cell isn’t contained in a nucleus, and may include extra rings of DNA (plasmids) separate from main genetic material
Describe what the flagella are
Long protein strand that lashes out
State one use of a flagella in a prokaryote
Movement
A cell nucleus has an average length of 6 micrometers, calculate the order of magnitude comparison between the nucleus and a small plant cell
small animal cell length around 10 μm
10/6 = 1.7
Length of small animal cell is same order of magnitude as cell nucleus.
Describe the similarities and differences between the features found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic plant and animal cells.
- All cells have cell membranes and cytoplasm
- and both prokaryotes and eukaryotes can have cell wall.
- Prokaryotes have no nucleus and no chloroplasts
- whilst eukaryotes have no plasmids
Some people think that structures found in plant and animal cells such as chloroplasts and mitochondria may have originally been free-living bacteria. Evaluate this possibility using the sizes of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic organelles to support the argument.
- bacteria are 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than eukaryotic cells
- contain free genetic material
- can reproduce
- mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to bacteria
- contain genetic material so they can reproduce independently of the cell dividing