1.2 Animal and plant cells Flashcards

1
Q

ribosomes

A

The area where protein synthesis takes place. All proteins needed in the cells are made here

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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles that release the most energy during respiration

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

Liquid gel where chemical reactions occur. Respiration occurs here.

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4
Q

nucleus

A

controls the functions and activities of a cell, contains genetic information to build new cells or organisms

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5
Q

cell wall

A

Made of cellulose for strength and support

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6
Q

chloroplast

A

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight so the plant can create food via photosynthesis

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7
Q

cell membrane

A

Controls passage of substances in and out of the cell

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8
Q

Vacuole

A

Space in the cytoplasm filled with sap (sugar and salt solution) which keeps cells rigid

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9
Q

Explain why plant and animal cells are similar and explain why plant cells have a adapted differently to animal cells

A
  • nucleus controls activity of cell
  • cell membrane controls what goes in and out of cell
  • Respiration takes place in the mitochondria
  • Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place

Plant cells
- cell wall to support the structure of the cell
- vacuole contains cell sap to support the cell
- chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place to make glucose.

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10
Q

Describe the main function of the cell wall
, vacuole and chloroplasts

A

Cell wall strengthens cell and provides support. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Permanent vacuole keeps cells rigid to support plant.

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11
Q

Suggest why the nucleus and mitochondria are so important in all cells

A

Nucleus
controls all cell activities
contains instructions for making new cells or new organisms
mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration
releasing energy for the cell

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12
Q

Suggest two cells that are unlikely to have chloroplasts and why they don’t have any

A

root cells – no exposure to light
cells in flowers of plants – their function is not to photosynthesise

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13
Q

What types of substances does the cell membrane control the passage of in and out of the cell?

A

Glucose, mineral ions, hormones and urea

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