1.3 DNA & Genetic Engineering Biology N5

Question 1

what is DNA

Answer 1

DNA is the molecule that makes up chromosomes and genes in the nucleus

Question 2

what is the shape of a DNA strand

Answer 2

a DNA strand is in a double-stramded helix held together by base pairs, which are twisted into a helix shape.

Question 3

what are the four base molecules in a DNA strand

Answer 3

adenine (A), cytosine(C), guanine(G) and thymine(T)

Question 4

what molecule base pairs with (A) adenine

Answer 4

(T) thymine

Question 5

what molecule base (T) thymine

Answer 5

(A) adenine

Question 6

what molecule base pair is pared with (G) guanine

Answer 6

(C) cytosine

Question 7

what molecule base pair is paired with (C) cytosine

Answer 7

(G) guanine

Question 8

when figuring out base pair numbers what is the one main rule you must remember

Answer 8

the number of A bases is equal to the number of T bases

the number of C bases is equal to the number of G bases

Question 9

what does DNA carry

Answer 9

DNA carries the information for making proteins

Question 10

what is a gene

Answer 10

a gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 11

whatis a chain of amino acid molecules called

Answer 11

proteins

Question 12

how are different proteins coded

Answer 12

different proteins are coded for using different base sequences

Question 13

where are proteins syunthesised

Answer 13

in the ribisomes in the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 14

because a DNA is to large to pass out the nucleus what is sent out instead

Answer 14

a messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to deliver a complemantry copy of the gentic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome,

Question 15

what do the bases on mRNA molecule code for

Answer 15

the bases code for specific amino acids

Question 16

the amino acids coreect line up to form a protein are determined by what?

Answer 16

the base sequence and bond

Question 17

whta does the sequence of amino acids determine

Answer 17

the protein shape and function

Question 18

what is genetic engineering

Answer 18

is the transfer of genes from one living thing to another

Question 19

why are genes modified

Answer 19

genes are modified to make products that they coudn’t make before like insulin

Question 20

describe the process of genetic engineering

Answer 20

1. the section of required gene from the source chromosome is identified
2. the required gene is cut out of the DNA using an enzyme
3. a small ring of DNA called a plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell
4. The plasmid is cut open using the same enzyme
5. The required gene is thyen inserted into the plasmid using another enzyme
6. The modified plasmid containing the required gene is taken up by a host bacterial cell the bacteria is now a genetically modified organism and can produce the “new” protein