1.3 DNA and production of proteins Flashcards
The nucleus of a cell contains genetic information (DNA) organised into
chromosomes
The chromosome complement of most cells is
diploid
A diploid is
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes
Nucleotide
The units or molecules of which DNA is composed.
The four DNA bases are
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. These base names are abbreviated to A, T, C and G.
Double helix
The shape of the DNA molecule, with two strands twisted together in a spiral.
Complementary
Refers to the specific way that the bases in DNA pair with each other ( A-T and G-C).
Adenine complementary base is
Thymine
Cytosine complementary base is
Guanine
Thymine complementary base is
Adenine
Guanine complementary base is
Cytosine
Amino acid
The building blocks that make up a protein molecule.
The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule can determine the order of
amino acids
Genetic code
The code formed by the order of the bases in DNA that determines an organism’s characteristics.
messenger RNA
mRNA is the substance that carries a complementary copy of a gene from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
The nucleus controls the production of new cells called
mitosis
During mitosis each
chromosome is replicated
A a replicated chromosome is called a
chromatid
The first step of mitosis is:
the chromosomes replicating and becoming visible as pairs of chromatids.
The second step of mitosis is:
The chromosomes line up at the equator and their chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibers to form two new nuclei.
After mitosis, the cell cytoplasm
splits between the new nuclei to from two daughter cells.
The sequence of bases A,T,G and C make up the
genetic code
Proteins are assembled at
ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
