13: Diff and Fxn of Cd8+ cells

Question 1

percent of CD8+ in blood

Answer 1

33%

Question 2

B cells make up what % of blood

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

what are CD marker for

Answer 3

number of T cells by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry

Question 4

where does rearrangement of genes for T cells occur

Answer 4

thymus

Question 5

what is functional polarization

Answer 5

T cells take on a particular set of task that promote adaptive immune response as effector fxn

Question 6

what can CD8+ become

Answer 6

CTL or memor cells

Question 7

what are granules

Answer 7

lysosomes that have perforin and granzymes to kill other cells

Question 8

secreted from CTLS

Answer 8

cytokines, mostly IFN-y that activate macrophages

Question 9

what is the role of T bet in CTL

Answer 9

regulates TC of perforin

Question 10

how does cross presentation work

Answer 10

DC ingest cell with intracellular microbes and produce both MHC II and MHCI due to phagosome in DC cytoplasm

Question 11

what is it called when CD4+ enhance ability of APCs to stimulate CTLs

Answer 11

APC licensing

Question 12

how does APC licensing work

Answer 12

CD4+ produces IFNy to DC then once CTL binds DC, IL12 is released to CTL

Question 13

what is needed in APC licensing

Answer 13

CD40 to CD40L to up-regulate CD 80/86 expression for more efficient binding of CTLs

Question 14

what signal do CD4+ provide for CTL

Answer 14

signal 3 via IL12 and IFNy

Question 15

when are CD4+ required for CTL activation

Answer 15

weak innate immunity to latent viral infection and tumors

Question 16

IL2 for CD8 means

Answer 16

proliferation and differentiation into CTL and memory

Question 17

what does IL2 share

Answer 17

IL2R with IL15 and IL 21 at y

Question 18

role of IL12 and IFNy to Naive CD8

Answer 18

effector CTLs

Question 19

why are IL12 and IFN y required for effector CTLs

Answer 19

induce survival and development

Question 20

what is role of IL15

Answer 20

produced by DC and tissue Macrophages for survival of memory CD8 T cells

Question 21

IL21 role

Answer 21

produced by activated CD4+ T cells for induction of T cell memory and prevent CD8 + memory

Question 22

how does IL2 work

Answer 22

autocrine loop for activation of T cells and up-reg of IL2, IL2R

Question 23

CD4+ derived IL2 for activation of CD8+ via

Answer 23

paracrine

Question 24

structure of IFNy from CD4+

Answer 24

homodime

Question 25

what releases IFNy

Answer 25

TH1, CTLs, NK cells

Question 26

role of IFNy

Answer 26

activator of macrophages to increase metabolic, phagocytic and killing

Question 27

what does IFNy increase the expression of

Answer 27

MHC I and MHC II

Question 28

what might be an important component for antiviral protection

Answer 28

IFNy making more MHC

Question 29

key cytokine made by activated DC and macrophages

Answer 29

IL12

Question 30

profound effect of IL12

Answer 30

CD4 to TH1 effector cells

Question 31

what determines whether CD4 becomes TH1 or 2

Answer 31

balance of IL12 and 4

Question 32

which pro-inflammatory cytokines are promoted by IL12

Answer 32

IFNy and TNF B

Question 33

why are CD8+ stimulated by IL12 needed

Answer 33

effective in controlling tumors and maintain higher numbers

Question 34

what does IL12 prevent

Answer 34

CD8+ T cell exhaustion

Question 35

what other cells are activated by IL12

Answer 35

NK cells

Question 36

source of IL 15

Answer 36

macro and DCs

Question 37

what is IL15 similar to

Answer 37

IL2 for shared receptor

Question 38

what can IL 15 cause

Answer 38

proliferation of CTLS but favors TH1 cell in vitro

Question 39

what is a chemoattractant for T cells from blood

Answer 39

IL 15

Question 40

causes proliferation of memory CD4+ and CD8+ cells

Answer 40

IL 15

Question 41

IL21 is derived from

Answer 41

CD4+

Question 42

what does IL21 cause

Answer 42

DC, CD4+, NKT, NK, CTL, macrophage, macrophage activation. CD4 becomes TH17, B cell switching

Question 43

role of CD8 in acute viral infection

Answer 43

eliminate infection by becoming CTLs

Question 44

activated CD8+ cells produce what

Answer 44

chemokines and cytokines for eliminate infection

Question 45

role of CD4+ for CD8+ cells

Answer 45

stimulate DC and CD8 for CD8+ T memory cells

Question 46

which Ags are presented to CD8 T cells

Answer 46

viral Ags

Question 47

what happens after viral clearance

Answer 47

contraction for apoptosis

Question 48

same virus means

Answer 48

CD8+ memory cells that last for years

Question 49

what is exhaustion of CD8+ T cells

Answer 49

chronic viral infection leads to gradually extinguished CD 8+ T cells

Question 50

exhaustion leads to

Answer 50

active suppression of immune due to more PD1 and less IFNy

Question 51

what diseases are more PD1 on T cells related to

Answer 51

HIV and Hep C virus infection

Question 52

effective immuno-therapy for tumors

Answer 52

Anti-Pd-1 Abs

Question 53

PD1 blocks production of

Answer 53

CTLS

Question 54

why does an immunological synapse have to be formed

Answer 54

protect bystander cells

Question 55

release of perforin and granzymes by

Answer 55

granule exocytosis

Question 56

point of no return for CTL

Answer 56

capase 3

Question 57

How is apoptosis induced

Answer 57

FasL on activated CTLs binds Fas on surface of target cells

Question 58

what activates capase 3

Answer 58

perforin for apoptosis

Question 59

two types of killing by CTLS

Answer 59

perforin/granzyme and Fas/FasL

Question 60

what ion is involved in Granzyme mediated apoptosis

Answer 60

Ca2+

Question 61

what types of proteases are Granzyme A,B,C

Answer 61

serine

Question 62

which granzyme is required for CTL cytotoxicity

Answer 62

B

Question 63

what is perforin homologous to

Answer 63

C9 complement protein

Question 64

what does perforin cause

Answer 64

internalization of it and granzymes

Question 65

what does Granzyme B activate

Answer 65

capase 3 for apoptosis

Question 66

what doe FAS/FasL cause in type 1 cells

Answer 66

recruitment of procapase 8 by FADD for active capase 8 to cleave capase 3

Question 67

Fas-FasL in type II cells

Answer 67

capase 8 cleaves Bid for cyt c release from mitochondria. cyt c and Apaf1 and ATP activate Capase 9 to activate Caspase 3 that activates CAD for DNA degradation

Question 68

caspase 3=

Answer 68

degrades ICAD for CAD activation to degrade DNA

Question 69

how are intracellular microbes defended against

Answer 69

CD8 and 4 together. Macrophage ingest then CD4= IFNy and IL2 to kill bacteria ad produce MHC I for CD8+ to kill cell

Question 70

virus enters cell and infects directly leads to

Answer 70

viral proteins degraded for MHCI presentation so APCs Take up viral product then present with MHC I and II for CD4+ by CD40 and CD8 to CD 80/86 for activation of CD8+. release of perforin and granzyems as well as TNFa and IFNy produced