12: Differentiation and Fxn of Cd4+ Flashcards
1
Q
how are T cells made
A
on demand
2
Q
how many T cells have specific TCR for pathogen
A
1 in 10^6
3
Q
TCR who recognize invader means they are
A
mobilized and activated
4
Q
how many TCRs are a and B
A
90-95%
5
Q
what do a and B TCRs recognize and bind
A
both peptides in MHC
6
Q
where does activation of T cell occur
A
in LM
7
Q
what are langerhans cells
A
immature DCs with low levels of B7
8
Q
where do langerhans reside
A
skin epithelial
9
Q
how many T cells can activated DCs interview
A
500 naive T cells per hour
10
Q
most efficient APCs
A
mature, DCs
11
Q
what is the evolution of DCs
A
immature Ag capturing to APC and T cell priming cells
12
Q
what do DCs convert Ags into
A
immunogens
13
Q
where do langerhans go after skin
A
lymphatic system
14
Q
where do langerhans become DCs and what do they express
A
lymph nodes and express B7
15
Q
what type of Ags are recognized by T cells
A
peptide/ protein Ags
16
Q
where do activated CD4+ T cells go
A
enter circulation, remain in LN, migrate to follicles, help B cells make Abs
17
Q
what happens for TCRs to have Ag recognition
A
they cluster
18
Q
what initiates a signaling cascade
A
2 TCRs recognize an Ag
19
Q
what do CD4 activate compared to CD8
A
4= T helper and 8=CTLs
20
Q
marker for counting total number of T cells
A
CD3
21
Q
co-stimulators can also be called
A
facilitators
22
Q
how does costimulation alter TCR numbers
A
100x fewer TCRs needed for activation
23
Q
what is the Role PI3 kinase in T cell activation
A
activate PIP3 for AKt and mTOR for increased protein synthesis
24
Q
what causes clonal expansion of T cells
A
IL2 to IL2Ra for proliferation
25
what is the role of effector CD4+ cells
activate macrophages and B cells
26
what is the role of effector CD8+ cells
kill target cells and activate macrophages
27
what happens after Th cell activation
separates from APC so APC can bind other T cell
28
T cell growth factor
IL2
29
which cells do NOT have IL2R
naive T cells
30
how are IL2 growth factors
enhance activated T cell resistant to apoptosis
31
what happens in effector phase of T cell mediated immunity
effector T cells migrate to site of Ag
32
how do Effector T cells migrate
through blood vessels to peripheral tissue by binding cytokine activated endothelial cells due to infection in tissue
33
What is the role of CD4 T h cells
recruit and activate phagocytes to destroy microbes
34
role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
kill infected cells
35
what is different about the types of T helper cells
produce certain set of cytokines that determine cell phenotype
36
what is cytokine production from T helper cells called
differentiation or commitment
37
Th1 activates what type of immune response
cell-mediated
38
what type of immune response is activated by TH2
Ab mediated
39
TH 17 activate which immune response
inflammation and anti-bacterial
40
how do immature DCs recognize Pathogens
PRRS
41
what do PRRs provide for immunity
A bridge between innate and adaptive
42
What does PRR signaling cause
activation and maturation of APCs
43
what is another name for naive T helper cells
TH0
44
what cytokine produces T H1 cells
IL12
45
what is produced by TH1 cells
IL2 and IFNy
46
TLRs for gram+ and LPS
TLR 1,2,6
47
TLR for dsRNA
TLR3
48
TLR for Gram - LPS
TLR 4
49
TLR for flagellin
5
50
TLR for unmethylated CpG DNA
9
51
what is another name for PRR
TLR
52
inducing cytokine for T reg
TGF-B, IL2
53
produced by T reg
TGF B, IL10, IL35, STAT6, FOXP3
54
what do T regs do
suppress tumor immunity, promote immune tolerance and maintain homeostasis
55
TH1 produce
IFNy, TNF or Lta, SAT 4, T-bet
56
what is role of T helper
promote tumor immunity, intracellular pathogens, autoimmunity
57
inducing cytokine of TH2
IL4
58
what does TH2 produce
GATA3, STAT 6, IL 4,5, 13
59
what are TH2 for
extracellular pathogens, allergy, asthma
60
inducing cytokines for TH17
TGF-B, IL6, IL 12
| IL1B and IL 23
61
what does TH17 produce
IL17A, 17F, 22,21, CCL20, STAT 3, RORyt
62
role of TH17
break immune tolerance, ec bacteria, autoimmunity, controversial tumor immunity
63
immune reaction of TH1
macrophage activation and IgG
64
role of TH1 in diseases
autoimmune, tissue damage
65
immune reaction of TH2
mast cell, eosinophil activation, IgE, alternative macrophage activation
66
host defense of TH2
helminthic parasites
67
role of TH2 in diseases
Allergies
68
immune reaction of TH17
neutrophils and monocyte inflammation
69
host defense of TH17
extracellular bacteria and fungi
70
what disease uses TH17
autoimmune inflammatory
71
which cytokine leads to activation of eosinophils
IL5
72
what does IL2 do
B cells switch to IgE
73
role of IL17
acute inflammation
74
role of IL22
maintenance of epithelial barrier
75
role of TGFB
inhibit T cell activation and make T reg cells
76
which cytokines is broduced by both CD 4 and 8 Cells
IFNy
77
who produces most cytokines
CD4
78
cytokines produced by NK cells
IFNy and IL22
79
produced by mast cells
IL4 and 5
80
cytokines are pleiotrophic meaning
multiple biological fxn
81
cytokines are redundant meaning
many cytokines have similar fxn
82
what cause CD4+ to become TH1 cells
IL12 from DC and macrophages and IFNy from NK cells
83
what does IL12 produce and IFNy produce TFs for CD4 differentiation
12=STAT1 and T bet while IFNy makes STAT4
84
what does TH1 do to effect TH2 and TH17
IFNy to inhibit them
85
how are TH2 cells made from CD4+
mast cells and eosinophils produce IL4 that makes TF STAT 6 and GATA 3
86
what inhibits TH1 and TH17 by TH2
IL4
87
causes CD4+ to become TH17
IL1, 6 and TGF B that make RORyT and STAT3
88
role of IL21 for TH17
induced RORyt adn STAT3 amplification by autocrine
89
what suppresses TH1 and 2 from TH17
TGF-B
90
important cytokine for TH17 with unknown fxn
IL23
91
what is IL17 for
produced for TH17 for ec pathogens and tissue inflammation and autoimmunity
92
what is required for Treg
FOXP3 with high TCR self reactivity
93
what happens if FOXP3 isn't on TCR
death of Tcell
94
what does T reg inhibit
all TH
95
what antibody produces IgG
IFNy
96
how do TH1 activate macrophages
binding of CD40L and IFNy
97
what does activated macrophage secrete
TNF, IL1 and 12, chemokines
98
IL12 role
TH1 and IFNy production
99
TNF, IL1 and chemokines cause
inflammation
100
constitutive activation of macrophages
no CD 40
101
inducible macrophage activation
CD40L
102
IL4 from TH2 leads to
B cell production for IGE, intestinal mucus secretion, macrophage activation
103
IL5 from TH2
eosinophil activttion
104
what does IgE do
degranulate mast cells
105
IL13 from TH2
intestines and macrophage activation
106
macrophage activation from TH2 is for
alternative activation for tissue repair
107
what does an alternative macrophage do
produce IL10 and TGFB for anti-inflammatory, wound repair and fibrosis
108
what does alternative macrophage block
inflammation
109
what does IL17 from TH17 do
produce TNF, IL1,6 CSFs for inflammation and neutrophil response and antimicrobial pepetides
110
what from IL22 increases barrier fxn and antimicrobial peptides
IL22
111
how are CD8+ T cells activated
cross presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells
112
what do CD4+ helper cells induce for CD8+
potentiated response
113
2 ways CD4 activate CD8+
DC with CD4+ bound at the same time or bound to CD4 before CD8 with CD40
114
what do CD4+ celsl use for CTL activation
cytokines
115
what APCs do CTLs recognize
MHC class I with Ag on DC or infected cells in tissue
116
activated CTLs do what
release granule content
117
what is in granules
perforin and granzymes
118
what do CTLs induce
apoptosis in target cells
119
what do CD8+ cells release
IFNy that activates macrophages
120
how do granzymes enter cells
receptor mediated endocytosis
121
how do granzymes enter cytoplasm
perforin
122
why are y delta cells nontraditional
no CD4 or 8
123
where are y delta cells
intestines, uterus and toung
124
fxn of y delta
first line of defense, immunoregulatory, bridge innate and adaptive
125
why are y delta bridge between innate and adaptive
work like innate but on adaptive immunity
126
other bridges between innate and immunity (ADD to
DCs
127
what makes y delta adaptive
may become memory cell
128
why can y delta be considered innate
recognize unpresented Ags
129
what can y delta cells kill
stressed cells
130
fxn of y delta
cytokine and chemokine production, help B cells and igE production, DC maturation, Prime aB T cells, lysis stressed cells, regulate stromal cells via growth factors
131
NKT cells are not
NK cells
132
what are NKT
heterogenous T cells that recognize self and foreign lipids and glycolipids
133
what presents lipids and glycolipids
non polymorphic CD1d APCs
134
% of NKT cells
0.2%
135
what do NKT produce
IFN-y, IL4, and GMCSF
136
NKT cells cause
rapid release of cytokines
137
role of NKT
promote or suppress immune
138
deficiency in NKT means
autoimmunity, cancers, asthma
139
examples of autoimmunity
diabetes and atherosclerosis
140
IFNy from NKT activate
B cells, DC, and NK
141
IL4 from NKT works on
B cells
142
IL2 from NKt leads to
T reg activation
