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immunology > 12: Differentiation and Fxn of Cd4+ > Flashcards

12: Differentiation and Fxn of Cd4+ Flashcards

1
Q

how are T cells made

A

on demand

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2
Q

how many T cells have specific TCR for pathogen

A

1 in 10^6

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3
Q

TCR who recognize invader means they are

A

mobilized and activated

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4
Q

how many TCRs are a and B

A

90-95%

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5
Q

what do a and B TCRs recognize and bind

A

both peptides in MHC

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6
Q

where does activation of T cell occur

A

in LM

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7
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

immature DCs with low levels of B7

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8
Q

where do langerhans reside

A

skin epithelial

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9
Q

how many T cells can activated DCs interview

A

500 naive T cells per hour

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10
Q

most efficient APCs

A

mature, DCs

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11
Q

what is the evolution of DCs

A

immature Ag capturing to APC and T cell priming cells

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12
Q

what do DCs convert Ags into

A

immunogens

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13
Q

where do langerhans go after skin

A

lymphatic system

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14
Q

where do langerhans become DCs and what do they express

A

lymph nodes and express B7

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15
Q

what type of Ags are recognized by T cells

A

peptide/ protein Ags

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16
Q

where do activated CD4+ T cells go

A

enter circulation, remain in LN, migrate to follicles, help B cells make Abs

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17
Q

what happens for TCRs to have Ag recognition

A

they cluster

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18
Q

what initiates a signaling cascade

A

2 TCRs recognize an Ag

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19
Q

what do CD4 activate compared to CD8

A

4= T helper and 8=CTLs

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20
Q

marker for counting total number of T cells

A

CD3

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21
Q

co-stimulators can also be called

A

facilitators

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22
Q

how does costimulation alter TCR numbers

A

100x fewer TCRs needed for activation

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23
Q

what is the Role PI3 kinase in T cell activation

A

activate PIP3 for AKt and mTOR for increased protein synthesis

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24
Q

what causes clonal expansion of T cells

A

IL2 to IL2Ra for proliferation

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25
Q

what is the role of effector CD4+ cells

A

activate macrophages and B cells

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26
Q

what is the role of effector CD8+ cells

A

kill target cells and activate macrophages

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27
Q

what happens after Th cell activation

A

separates from APC so APC can bind other T cell

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28
Q

T cell growth factor

A

IL2

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29
Q

which cells do NOT have IL2R

A

naive T cells

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30
Q

how are IL2 growth factors

A

enhance activated T cell resistant to apoptosis

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31
Q

what happens in effector phase of T cell mediated immunity

A

effector T cells migrate to site of Ag

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32
Q

how do Effector T cells migrate

A

through blood vessels to peripheral tissue by binding cytokine activated endothelial cells due to infection in tissue

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33
Q

What is the role of CD4 T h cells

A

recruit and activate phagocytes to destroy microbes

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34
Q

role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

kill infected cells

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35
Q

what is different about the types of T helper cells

A

produce certain set of cytokines that determine cell phenotype

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36
Q

what is cytokine production from T helper cells called

A

differentiation or commitment

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37
Q

Th1 activates what type of immune response

A

cell-mediated

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38
Q

what type of immune response is activated by TH2

A

Ab mediated

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39
Q

TH 17 activate which immune response

A

inflammation and anti-bacterial

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40
Q

how do immature DCs recognize Pathogens

A

PRRS

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41
Q

what do PRRs provide for immunity

A

A bridge between innate and adaptive

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42
Q

What does PRR signaling cause

A

activation and maturation of APCs

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43
Q

what is another name for naive T helper cells

A

TH0

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44
Q

what cytokine produces T H1 cells

A

IL12

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45
Q

what is produced by TH1 cells

A

IL2 and IFNy

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46
Q

TLRs for gram+ and LPS

A

TLR 1,2,6

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47
Q

TLR for dsRNA

A

TLR3

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48
Q

TLR for Gram - LPS

A

TLR 4

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49
Q

TLR for flagellin

A

5

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50
Q

TLR for unmethylated CpG DNA

A

9

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51
Q

what is another name for PRR

A

TLR

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52
Q

inducing cytokine for T reg

A

TGF-B, IL2

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53
Q

produced by T reg

A

TGF B, IL10, IL35, STAT6, FOXP3

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54
Q

what do T regs do

A

suppress tumor immunity, promote immune tolerance and maintain homeostasis

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55
Q

TH1 produce

A

IFNy, TNF or Lta, SAT 4, T-bet

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56
Q

what is role of T helper

A

promote tumor immunity, intracellular pathogens, autoimmunity

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57
Q

inducing cytokine of TH2

A

IL4

58
Q

what does TH2 produce

A

GATA3, STAT 6, IL 4,5, 13

59
Q

what are TH2 for

A

extracellular pathogens, allergy, asthma

60
Q

inducing cytokines for TH17

A

TGF-B, IL6, IL 12

IL1B and IL 23

61
Q

what does TH17 produce

A

IL17A, 17F, 22,21, CCL20, STAT 3, RORyt

62
Q

role of TH17

A

break immune tolerance, ec bacteria, autoimmunity, controversial tumor immunity

63
Q

immune reaction of TH1

A

macrophage activation and IgG

64
Q

role of TH1 in diseases

A

autoimmune, tissue damage

65
Q

immune reaction of TH2

A

mast cell, eosinophil activation, IgE, alternative macrophage activation

66
Q

host defense of TH2

A

helminthic parasites

67
Q

role of TH2 in diseases

A

Allergies

68
Q

immune reaction of TH17

A

neutrophils and monocyte inflammation

69
Q

host defense of TH17

A

extracellular bacteria and fungi

70
Q

what disease uses TH17

A

autoimmune inflammatory

71
Q

which cytokine leads to activation of eosinophils

A

IL5

72
Q

what does IL2 do

A

B cells switch to IgE

73
Q

role of IL17

A

acute inflammation

74
Q

role of IL22

A

maintenance of epithelial barrier

75
Q

role of TGFB

A

inhibit T cell activation and make T reg cells

76
Q

which cytokines is broduced by both CD 4 and 8 Cells

A

IFNy

77
Q

who produces most cytokines

A

CD4

78
Q

cytokines produced by NK cells

A

IFNy and IL22

79
Q

produced by mast cells

A

IL4 and 5

80
Q

cytokines are pleiotrophic meaning

A

multiple biological fxn

81
Q

cytokines are redundant meaning

A

many cytokines have similar fxn

82
Q

what cause CD4+ to become TH1 cells

A

IL12 from DC and macrophages and IFNy from NK cells

83
Q

what does IL12 produce and IFNy produce TFs for CD4 differentiation

A

12=STAT1 and T bet while IFNy makes STAT4

84
Q

what does TH1 do to effect TH2 and TH17

A

IFNy to inhibit them

85
Q

how are TH2 cells made from CD4+

A

mast cells and eosinophils produce IL4 that makes TF STAT 6 and GATA 3

86
Q

what inhibits TH1 and TH17 by TH2

A

IL4

87
Q

causes CD4+ to become TH17

A

IL1, 6 and TGF B that make RORyT and STAT3

88
Q

role of IL21 for TH17

A

induced RORyt adn STAT3 amplification by autocrine

89
Q

what suppresses TH1 and 2 from TH17

A

TGF-B

90
Q

important cytokine for TH17 with unknown fxn

A

IL23

91
Q

what is IL17 for

A

produced for TH17 for ec pathogens and tissue inflammation and autoimmunity

92
Q

what is required for Treg

A

FOXP3 with high TCR self reactivity

93
Q

what happens if FOXP3 isn’t on TCR

A

death of Tcell

94
Q

what does T reg inhibit

A

all TH

95
Q

what antibody produces IgG

A

IFNy

96
Q

how do TH1 activate macrophages

A

binding of CD40L and IFNy

97
Q

what does activated macrophage secrete

A

TNF, IL1 and 12, chemokines

98
Q

IL12 role

A

TH1 and IFNy production

99
Q

TNF, IL1 and chemokines cause

A

inflammation

100
Q

constitutive activation of macrophages

A

no CD 40

101
Q

inducible macrophage activation

A

CD40L

102
Q

IL4 from TH2 leads to

A

B cell production for IGE, intestinal mucus secretion, macrophage activation

103
Q

IL5 from TH2

A

eosinophil activttion

104
Q

what does IgE do

A

degranulate mast cells

105
Q

IL13 from TH2

A

intestines and macrophage activation

106
Q

macrophage activation from TH2 is for

A

alternative activation for tissue repair

107
Q

what does an alternative macrophage do

A

produce IL10 and TGFB for anti-inflammatory, wound repair and fibrosis

108
Q

what does alternative macrophage block

A

inflammation

109
Q

what does IL17 from TH17 do

A

produce TNF, IL1,6 CSFs for inflammation and neutrophil response and antimicrobial pepetides

110
Q

what from IL22 increases barrier fxn and antimicrobial peptides

A

IL22

111
Q

how are CD8+ T cells activated

A

cross presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells

112
Q

what do CD4+ helper cells induce for CD8+

A

potentiated response

113
Q

2 ways CD4 activate CD8+

A

DC with CD4+ bound at the same time or bound to CD4 before CD8 with CD40

114
Q

what do CD4+ celsl use for CTL activation

A

cytokines

115
Q

what APCs do CTLs recognize

A

MHC class I with Ag on DC or infected cells in tissue

116
Q

activated CTLs do what

A

release granule content

117
Q

what is in granules

A

perforin and granzymes

118
Q

what do CTLs induce

A

apoptosis in target cells

119
Q

what do CD8+ cells release

A

IFNy that activates macrophages

120
Q

how do granzymes enter cells

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

121
Q

how do granzymes enter cytoplasm

A

perforin

122
Q

why are y delta cells nontraditional

A

no CD4 or 8

123
Q

where are y delta cells

A

intestines, uterus and toung

124
Q

fxn of y delta

A

first line of defense, immunoregulatory, bridge innate and adaptive

125
Q

why are y delta bridge between innate and adaptive

A

work like innate but on adaptive immunity

126
Q

other bridges between innate and immunity (ADD to

A

DCs

127
Q

what makes y delta adaptive

A

may become memory cell

128
Q

why can y delta be considered innate

A

recognize unpresented Ags

129
Q

what can y delta cells kill

A

stressed cells

130
Q

fxn of y delta

A

cytokine and chemokine production, help B cells and igE production, DC maturation, Prime aB T cells, lysis stressed cells, regulate stromal cells via growth factors

131
Q

NKT cells are not

A

NK cells

132
Q

what are NKT

A

heterogenous T cells that recognize self and foreign lipids and glycolipids

133
Q

what presents lipids and glycolipids

A

non polymorphic CD1d APCs

134
Q

% of NKT cells

A

0.2%

135
Q

what do NKT produce

A

IFN-y, IL4, and GMCSF

136
Q

NKT cells cause

A

rapid release of cytokines

137
Q

role of NKT

A

promote or suppress immune

138
Q

deficiency in NKT means

A

autoimmunity, cancers, asthma

139
Q

examples of autoimmunity

A

diabetes and atherosclerosis

140
Q

IFNy from NKT activate

A

B cells, DC, and NK

141
Q

IL4 from NKT works on

A

B cells

142
Q

IL2 from NKt leads to

A

T reg activation

immunology (10 decks)

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