1.3: Deduction and Induction Flashcards
What is an inductive argument?
the argument may be wrong
What is a deductive argument?
the argument cannot be wrong
What are the three steps to determining the type of argument?
Think: Special Strength Form, Activate!
- special indicator words
- strength of inferential link btwn premises & conclusion
- form of argumentation
What are the five types of deductive argument forms?
Think: Minding Deaf Cats Helps Digestion
- argument based on math
- argument from defenition
- categorical syllogism
- hypothetical syllogism
- disjunctive syllogism
What is an argument based on mathematics?
the conclusion depends on math(ematic principles)
What is an argument from definition?
the conclusion depends on the definition of a word
What is a categorical syllogism?
Think: Applesauce Needs Spices
each statement begins with “all,” “none,” or “some”
What is a hypothetical syllogism?
think: if…then…
a conditional syllogism containing “if…then…”
If wealth accumulates disproportionately, then democracy will colapse.
What is a disjunctive syllogism?
a syllogism with the disjunctive “either…or…”
Either global warming will be arrested, or hurricanes will become worse.
What are the six types of inductive argument forms?
Think: Put Angry Goats At Single Cones
prediction, analogy, generalization, authority, signs, casual influence
What is a prediction?
using the past to guess at what could happen in the future
What is an argument from analogy?
argument that depends upon an analogy
What is a generalization?
argument from a sample, applied to an entire group
What is an argument from authority?
argument that relies on a supposed expert
What is an argument based on signs?
knowledge of a sign and what it symbolizes affecting an argument
