1.1: Arguments, Premises, & Conclusions

Question 1

Define:

Logic

Answer 1

the body of knowledge that evaluates arguments

Question 2

What is the “aim” of logic?

Answer 2

analyzing and formulating arguments

Question 3

Define:

Argument

Not a mere verbal fight

Answer 3

statements (/premises) that support the conclusion

Question 4

What are the two groups of arguments?

Answer 4

whether the premises do or do not support the conclusion

Question 5

Define

Statement

think: declarative sentence

Answer 5

a true or false sentence

Question 6

What are truth values?

Answer 6

truth and falsity

The state of a sentence being true or false…

Question 7

What types of sentences cannot be true or false?

Answer 7

exclamations, questions, demands, etc.

Question 8

Define:

Premises

Answer 8

statements that provide evidence

Question 9

Define:

Conclusion

Answer 9

the statement the evidence (/premises) support

Question 10

Give examples of conclusion indicators.

Answer 10

therefore, consequently, thus, etc.

Question 11

GIve examples of premise indicators.

Answer 11

since, given that, seeing that, etc.

Question 12

Define:

Inference

Answer 12

reasoning process expressed by an argument

Question 13

Define:

Proposition

used interchangeably with “statement”

Answer 13

information content of a statement

Question 14

Who is considered the father of logic?

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

What two types of logic did Aristotle create?

Answer 15

syllogistic and modal logic

Question 16

Define:

Syllogistic Logic

Answer 16

the fundamental elements are terms, and arguments are evaluated as good or bad depending on how the terms are arranged in the argument

Seen more in Chapters 4 and 5.

Question 17

Define:

Modal Logic

Answer 17

logic involving possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt

Seen more in Chapter 3.