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2 RA > 13 Cranial Base and Topography of the Endocrine System > Flashcards

13 Cranial Base and Topography of the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the neurocranium?

A

Chondrocranium

Membranous neurocranium

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2
Q

How does the chondrocranium ossify?

A

endochondral route

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3
Q

How does the membranous neurocranium ossify?

A

intramembranously

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4
Q

Which landmark in the skull marks the division between anterior and posterior cranial bases?

A

sella turica

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5
Q

What is the embryological origin of the anterior cranial base?

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

What is the embryological origin of the posterior cranial base?

A

paraxial mesoderm

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7
Q

What is the embryological origin of the adenohypophysis?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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8
Q

What is the embryological origin of the neurohypophysis?

A

diencephalon

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9
Q

How might you divide the cranial base into 3 parts?

A

anterior fossa
middle fossa
posterior fossa

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10
Q

Which fossa of the cranial base is the highest?

A

anterior fossa

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11
Q

what are the 5 bones of the cranial base?

A 
ethmoid
frontal
sphenoid
temporal
occipital
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12
Q

Where does the faux cerebri attach anteirorly?

A

crista galli

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13
Q

Which bones comprise the anterior boundary of the cranial base?

A

upper surface of ethmoid (horizontal and perpendicular plate)
orbital plate of frontal bone

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14
Q

Which bones comprise the middle portion of the cranial base?

A

sphenoid bone

temporal bone

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15
Q

Whihc bones comprise the posteior bouundary of the cranial base?

A

occipital bone

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16
Q

What is the ethmoid bulla?

A

the largest and most consistent anterior ethmoid air cell

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17
Q

What are the potential consequences of an ethmoid fracture?

A

tearing of meninges at crista galli
anosmia
CSF rhinorrhea

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18
Q

What test would you use quickly to test for rinorrhea?

A

ring sign

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19
Q

What lies between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid?

A

superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What pit is within the sella turcica?

A

hypopyhseal fossa

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21
Q

What structure allows the pituitary stalk to descend?

A

foramen sellae

22
Q

Name 6 parts of the temporal bone

A 
squamous
mastoid
tympanic
styloid
zygomatic
petrous
23
Q

What is the most dense bone in the body?

A

petrous temporal bone (survives cremation)

24
Q

Where in the cranial base is the petro-occipital fissure?

A

lateral to foramen magnum

25
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

CN II

Opthalmic artery

26
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CNVI
opthalmic veins
27
Q

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

28
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

29
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A 
Middle meningeal Artery
Meningeal nerve (V3)
30
Q

What covers the foramen lacerum?

A

plate of cartilage

31
Q

What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

external carotid canal
greater petrosal nerve
deep petrosal nerve

32
Q

what links the foramen lacerum and the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

pterygoid canal

33
Q

What lies in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

sphenopalatine ganglion

34
Q

Which 2 bones mark the boundaries of the foramen lacerum?

A

petrous temporal bone

sphenoid bone

35
Q

What lies in the pterygoid canal?

A

vidian nerve

36
Q

What links the pterygopalatine fossa and the foramen lacerum?

A

pterygoid canal

37
Q

What links the foramen lacerum and jugular foramen?

A

petro-occipital fissure

38
Q

What is the posterior extension of the jugular foramen called?

A

hypoglossal canal

39
Q

What 2 foramena are connected to teh pterygopalatine fossa?

A 
foramen lacerum
foramen rotundum (higher level)
40
Q

What foramina are between sphenoid spine and foramen rotundum?

A

foramen ovale

foramen spinosum

41
Q

What indicator arouund the ear would suggest serious cranial base injury?

A

battle sign (ecchymosis)

42
Q

What sign on the face might indicate cranial base injury?

A

Racoon’s eyes

43
Q

Name the 3 major pathways for CSF rhinorrhoea

A

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa

44
Q

Which sinus lies underneath cavernuos sinus?

A

sphenoid sinus

45
Q

What structure marks the pasage of the internal carotid artery through the carotid sinus?

A

Carotid siphon

46
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

a finger of ectoderm which grows upwards from the roof of the mouth, ultimately forming the adenohypophysis

47
Q

Name 4 types of supratentorial herniation

A

uncal
central (transtentorial)
Cingulate (subfalcine)
transcalvarial

48
Q

NAme 2 types of infratentorial herniation

A

Upward (upward cerebellar or transtentorial)

tonsillar (downward cerebellar)

49
Q

Tonsillar infratentorial herniation, what does the cerebellar tonsil compress against?

50
Q

How might tonsillar herniation present on a radiograph?

2 RA (12 decks)

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