1.3 Cold War Intensifies Flashcards
Name the us presidents from 1945-1993
1945-53 Harry s truman 1953-61 Dwight D Eisenhower 1961-63 JFK 1963-69 LBJ 1969-74 Richard Nixon 1974-77 Gerald ford 1977-81 Jimmy carter 1981-89 Ronald Reagan 1989-93 George Bush Sr
Name the soviet leaders from 1929-91?
1929-53 Joseph stalin 1953-64 Nikita Khrushchev 1964-82 Leonid Brezhnev 1982-84 Yuri Andropov 1984-85 Konstantin Chernenko 1985-91 Mikhail Gorbachev
What began the nuclear arms race?
Berlin crisis and Stalins desperation to create atomic bomb which he did in 1949 , which began the arms race
What was the arms race?
Competition between america and USSR to build more destructive and higher number of nuclear weapons
What was MAD (mutually assured destruction)?
Situation that developed due to the nuclear arms race where both America and ussr knew if they started a war it would destroy the world . It prevented a war taking place.
What was the space race?
Competiition between usa and ussr to create innovative space technology and get to the moon.
When did the soviets drop there fist atomic bomb?
1949
When did the Uk first carry out nuclear tests?
1950 in western australia
When was the hydrogen bomb successfully tested?
Usa in 1952, it was 2500 times more powerful than the atomic bomb
When did the ussr test its first hydrogen bomb?
1952
When and what was the doctrine of massive retaliation?
Published in 1955, stating that any atttack on the us or its allies would be met with incredible destructive force.
When was sputnik 1 launched?
1957
What was sputnik 1 and 2?
Released by the ussr , worlds first telecommunications satellite. Sputnik 2 was launched later that year and carried a small dog called laika , first living animal in space.
What were ICBMs and when were they first launched?
Launched in 1957 by the ussr , it was a rocket capable of carrying an atomic warhead for thousands of miles
When did the us test its first ICBm?
1958
What did the us release in 1959 that threatened soviet security ?
Polaris submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles close to of the ussr
What was Luna 1 and when was it released?
Launched by soviets in 1959 , it was the first man made object to orbit the sun.
Who was on top in the arms race from 1958-1965?
Usa because they developed icbms at a rapid rate. Then in 1965 they began to divert resources to the war in vietnam
What was signed in 1950 between russia and china?
Treaty of alliance
When did stalin die?
1953
When was the moon landing?
Usa 1969
Who replaced stalin ?
Khrushcev
What were the effects of the arms race?
- difficut to stop
- very costly
- led to MAD
- increased tensions
When was the hungarian uprising?
1956
Why the Hungarians were unhappy ?
- although election was won by a non communist government in 1945, in 1948 communists had taken over by controlling secret police , eliminating political opponents. Matayas Rakosi was the leader
- no freedom of speech, arrested if disputed communism
- thousands of soviet troops in hungary which drained their economy
- russian language being forced on people , changing culture
What was Khrushchev secret speech?
Denounced Stalins crimes and called for a destalinisation policy . He wanted to ‘peaceful coexistence with the west.
Why did the west not trust Khrushchev?
Still wanted communists expansion , but wanted it peacefully . He still developed weapons as-well, so the arms race did not slow down.
What was the impact of the secret speech?
Hungarians began to protest against Rakosi regime and he was replaced by Erno Gero. Gero wasn’t anymore popular and following huge demonstrations, Imre Nagy was put as leader
Who was the Rakosi?
Leader of Hungary , a hardline communist and brtual stalinist . He lead an authoritarian regime and the secret police.
Who was Imre Nagy?
More liberal prime minister , who wanted Hungary to be a neutral state.
What were the nagy reforms?
- Free elections to choose the government.
- An impartial legal system to ensure fair trials.
- The total withdrawal of the Soviet army from Hungary.
- Farmers to be allowed private ownership of their land (instead of it being state owned).
- Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact and declare neutrality in the Cold War.
- free speech
What was Khrushchev’s reaction to Nagy?
Refused to accept Hungary leaving the warsaw pact , as it may lead to others trying to do the same . Ussr felt it had to respond in force. Also wanted assert authority in the eastern bloc.
What was the soviets response?
Thousands of tanks and soldiers entered hungary to crack down on protests. 2500 killed, 20000 injured , 200000 fled west . Nagy was arrested an executed and replaced by Janos Kádár.
What was the wests reaction to the Hungarian uprising?
Unwilling to intervene , scared of war. All countries condemned it though. Un declared its disgust of Hungarians treatment
