1.3 Cold War Intensifies

Question 1

Name the us presidents from 1945-1993

Answer 1

1945-53 Harry s truman
1953-61 Dwight D Eisenhower 
1961-63 JFK
1963-69 LBJ
1969-74 Richard Nixon
1974-77 Gerald ford
1977-81 Jimmy carter
1981-89 Ronald Reagan 
1989-93 George Bush Sr

Question 2

Name the soviet leaders from 1929-91?

Answer 2

1929-53 Joseph stalin
1953-64 Nikita Khrushchev
1964-82 Leonid Brezhnev
1982-84 Yuri Andropov
1984-85 Konstantin Chernenko
1985-91 Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 3

What began the nuclear arms race?

Answer 3

Berlin crisis and Stalins desperation to create atomic bomb which he did in 1949 , which began the arms race

Question 4

What was the arms race?

Answer 4

Competition between america and USSR to build more destructive and higher number of nuclear weapons

Question 5

What was MAD (mutually assured destruction)?

Answer 5

Situation that developed due to the nuclear arms race where both America and ussr knew if they started a war it would destroy the world . It prevented a war taking place.

Question 6

What was the space race?

Answer 6

Competiition between usa and ussr to create innovative space technology and get to the moon.

Question 7

When did the soviets drop there fist atomic bomb?

Answer 7

1949

Question 8

When did the Uk first carry out nuclear tests?

Answer 8

1950 in western australia

Question 9

When was the hydrogen bomb successfully tested?

Answer 9

Usa in 1952, it was 2500 times more powerful than the atomic bomb

Question 10

When did the ussr test its first hydrogen bomb?

Answer 10

1952

Question 11

When and what was the doctrine of massive retaliation?

Answer 11

Published in 1955, stating that any atttack on the us or its allies would be met with incredible destructive force.

Question 12

When was sputnik 1 launched?

Answer 12

1957

Question 13

What was sputnik 1 and 2?

Answer 13

Released by the ussr , worlds first telecommunications satellite. Sputnik 2 was launched later that year and carried a small dog called laika , first living animal in space.

Question 14

What were ICBMs and when were they first launched?

Answer 14

Launched in 1957 by the ussr , it was a rocket capable of carrying an atomic warhead for thousands of miles

Question 15

When did the us test its first ICBm?

Answer 15

1958

Question 16

What did the us release in 1959 that threatened soviet security ?

Answer 16

Polaris submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles close to of the ussr

Question 17

What was Luna 1 and when was it released?

Answer 17

Launched by soviets in 1959 , it was the first man made object to orbit the sun.

Question 18

Who was on top in the arms race from 1958-1965?

Answer 18

Usa because they developed icbms at a rapid rate. Then in 1965 they began to divert resources to the war in vietnam

Question 19

What was signed in 1950 between russia and china?

Answer 19

Treaty of alliance

Question 20

When did stalin die?

Answer 20

1953

Question 21

When was the moon landing?

Answer 21

Usa 1969

Question 22

Who replaced stalin ?

Answer 22

Khrushcev

Question 23

What were the effects of the arms race?

Answer 23

• difficut to stop
• very costly
• led to MAD
• increased tensions

Question 24

When was the hungarian uprising?

Answer 24

1956

Question 25

Why the Hungarians were unhappy ?

Answer 25

• although election was won by a non communist government in 1945, in 1948 communists had taken over by controlling secret police , eliminating political opponents. Matayas Rakosi was the leader
• no freedom of speech, arrested if disputed communism
• thousands of soviet troops in hungary which drained their economy
• russian language being forced on people , changing culture

Question 26

What was Khrushchev secret speech?

Answer 26

Denounced Stalins crimes and called for a destalinisation policy . He wanted to ‘peaceful coexistence with the west.

Question 27

Why did the west not trust Khrushchev?

Answer 27

Still wanted communists expansion , but wanted it peacefully . He still developed weapons as-well, so the arms race did not slow down.

Question 28

What was the impact of the secret speech?

Answer 28

Hungarians began to protest against Rakosi regime and he was replaced by Erno Gero. Gero wasn’t anymore popular and following huge demonstrations, Imre Nagy was put as leader

Question 29

Who was the Rakosi?

Answer 29

Leader of Hungary , a hardline communist and brtual stalinist . He lead an authoritarian regime and the secret police.

Question 30

Who was Imre Nagy?

Answer 30

More liberal prime minister , who wanted Hungary to be a neutral state.

Question 31

What were the nagy reforms?

Answer 31

• Free elections to choose the government.
• An impartial legal system to ensure fair trials.
• The total withdrawal of the Soviet army from Hungary.
• Farmers to be allowed private ownership of their land (instead of it being state owned).
• Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact and declare neutrality in the Cold War.
• free speech

Question 32

What was Khrushchev’s reaction to Nagy?

Answer 32

Refused to accept Hungary leaving the warsaw pact , as it may lead to others trying to do the same . Ussr felt it had to respond in force. Also wanted assert authority in the eastern bloc.

Question 33

What was the soviets response?

Answer 33

Thousands of tanks and soldiers entered hungary to crack down on protests. 2500 killed, 20000 injured , 200000 fled west . Nagy was arrested an executed and replaced by Janos Kádár.

Question 34

What was the wests reaction to the Hungarian uprising?

Answer 34

Unwilling to intervene , scared of war. All countries condemned it though. Un declared its disgust of Hungarians treatment