1.2 The Development Of The Cold War Flashcards
What was truman most worried about?
Domino theory , spread of communism
When was the truman doctrine?
March 1947
What was the truman doctrine?
Usa pledged to support any nation threatened by a communist takeover. This support could be diplomatic, military or financial. It was a containment policy of communism , as they were concerned about greece and turkey falling to the soviets.
What was the marshall plan?
Promised $13 billion(trillion today) to aid european countries fighting communism . Countries will trade freely with the us and the aid forces the countries to reject communism. It also helped economies recover after ww2.
What did stalin call the marshall plan?
Dollar imperialism , it meant the us were buying support rather than their ideas earning it.
What was the ussr reaction to truman doctrine?
Cominform and comecon
When was the marshall plan released?
June 1947
When was cominform ?
1947
What was cominform ?
Set up to bring together all european communist parties and place them under ussrs control:
- used to make eastern bloc countries to reject marshall aid
- allowed for stalin to gain control of their governments
When was comecon?
1949
What was comecon?
Countered the marshall plan by nationalising industries, collectivising agriculture and offering economic aid. An economic trading bloc was created , meaning all eastern bloc countries economies depended on the ussr. Wanted to stop capitalist influence
What did stalin want comecon and cominform helped?
Encourage econommic development in eastern europe and discourage trade with the west
What was triizonia?
The three section of germany that joined up . They were occupied by france , britain and the usa
How could the allies get to berlin?
By way of road , rail and canal
What caused the berlin blockade?
Stalin wanted gemernay to remain weak , unthreatening and as a buffer between it and the west . He rapidly lost patience with the way the west were acting in berlin and decided to push them out
What is a buffer zone
An area giving someone protection against a threat, e.g. the USSR wanted a buffer zone around them after being invaded by Germany in both World Wars.
What were the west doing to annoy stalin?
- using money from marshall aid , helping germany rebuild their economy . Learnt from treaty of versailles not to make germany weak, so introduced a stable currency and more jobs
- supplied goods to german shops for workers to buy , nice way of showing capitalist prosperity
- formed trizonia and stalin thought they were ganging up on him
How did stalin create a blockade?
- stopped railway access
- he stopped roads
- stopped anyone leaving or entering west berlin
What did the berlin blockade mean for west berlin?
- berlin could only be accessed by air
- food shortages , only had enough for 36 days
- lack of basic goods like fuel and medicine
How did the west react to he berlin blockade?
Berlin airlift
What was the berlin airlift?
Way of avoiding direct retaliation which would lead to war. 275000 flights transported 1.5 million tons pf supplies and a plane landed every 3 minutes.it cost america $350 million
When was the berlin crisis?
June 1948-may 1949
Why could stalin not shoot donw the planes?
Us told him they had an atomic bonb ready if he did
What did the berlin blockade lead too?
Divided germany , west germany (federal republic of germany) and east germany(german democratic republic)
What was nato?
western military alliance created in 1949. Created as it showed how unprepared the west were to eastern agression. All members would respond if a nation in it was attacked
What was the warsaw pact?
Opposition to nato , military alliance bwteen eastern bloc countries. Main aims were to improve defensive capabilities of eastern europe and its relations. Created in 1955
When did the ussr drop its first atomic bomb?
1949 , usa no longer had a monopoly on atomic bombs
What was the significance of the berlin crisis?
- Cold war got worse
- Iron curtain became permanent
- Military alliances created
- Arms race began
- Propaganda success for the us
