Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EEO FINAL > 13: BALANCE/GAIT > Flashcards

13: BALANCE/GAIT Flashcards

1
Q

What tests/measures learned in standing?

A

feiss line
gastroc/soleus: dorsiflexion lunge test
spine flexion/extension
modified plantigrade hip extension
Y balance
8 inch step test
12 inch jump test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bilateral shoulder flexion

A

UE implication test
single
multiple
weighted
eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LE observation/implication tests

A

bilateral 1/4 squat
half squat
full squat
single leg stance (glute med)
toe walking (S1, PF)
heel walking (tib ant: L4, DF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Balance systems (3)

A
  1. neurosensory: Visual, somatosensory, vestibular
  2. central processing
  3. musculoskeletal (effector component) strength, core, ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

important components of visual system

A

acuity
contrast sensitivity
peripheral vision
depth perception
CN 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

somatosensory components

A

tactile
joint, tendon, muscle proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vestibular system

A

postural, balance control
semicircular canals
otolith: utricle/saccule
vestibular nerve VIII
vestibular nuclei: brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is important with Central processing?

A

latency is important!
time required to generate response (reaction time)
type, magnitude of response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are two types of postural responses?

A

automatic: feedback
anticipatory: feedforward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

automatic postural motor strategies

A
  1. ankle (distal to proximal muscle activation)
  2. hip (proximal to distal muscle activation)
  3. stepping (COM displaced beyond limits of BOS)
  4. reach (if step is failing/not option)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are cogn/behavior factors involved in balance?

A

depression, anxiety
FEAR OF FALLING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are risk factors of falling?

A

at least one fall
being female
older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

components of balance assessment

A
  1. assess movement strategy for postural response
  2. exam sensory organization
  3. tests (like tandem) to quantify balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are tests to quantify balance?

A

static balance
dynamic balance
psychological aspects (questionaires)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tests for static balance

A

rhomberg
semi-tandem romberg
sharpened rhomberg
single leg stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

high fall risk for single leg stance cut off

A

5 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 directions for YBT LE

A

anterior (most predictive of noncontact injury)
posteromedial (splits)
posterolateral (crossed behind)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 directions for YBT UE

A

medial
anterolateral (cross over)
posterolateral (cross under)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

self report questionaires for balance

A

MFES (modified falls efficacy scale)
ABC (activity balance confidence scale)
Fear of Falls Avoidance Behavior Questionaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gait Cycle:

A

IC
Loading response
Mid stance
terminal stance
Pre swing
Initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IC

A

heel strike
20 degrees of hip flexion
5 degrees of knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Loading Response

A

right foot flat
left toe off
20 hip flexion
15 knee flexion
5 plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mid stance

A

single leg support
both ankles aligned in frontal plane, other foot off ground to midswing

24
Q

terminal stance

A

right midstance
from ankle alignment just prior to IC of swing leg
20 degrees of hip extension
10 DF

25
Q

preswing

A

from IC of swing leg, right heel off (requires WINDLASS)

26
Q

initial swing

A

toe off to max knee flexion

27
Q

midswing

A

from max knee flexion to vertical tibia position

28
Q

terminal swing

A

from vertical tibia to just before IC

29
Q

stance is ___% of gait

A

60

30
Q

swing is ___% of gait

A

40

31
Q

double limb support is ___% of gait cycle

A

20 % (beginning and end of stance phase)

32
Q

single limb support is ___% of gait cycle

A

80%
(opp foot in swing)

33
Q

since arm swing is in ____direction of leg in swing to offset spinal rotation, AD should be on ___ side of weak leg

A

opposite
opposite

34
Q

If someone has only 2 degrees of dorsiflexion (less than 5) what phase of gait will it show up?

A

MIDSTANCE: 5 degrees of DF
compensation: knee will flex more than 5 degrees

35
Q

Terminal stance requires

A

20 degrees of hip extension!
10 degrees of DF

if iliopsoas is tight, pelvis will rotate backwards
If there is a hip flexion contracture due to hip OA, pelvis will rotate posteriorly

36
Q

Preswing is a part of stance or swing?

A

stance

37
Q

preswing requires

A

10 degrees of hip extension
40 degrees of knee flexion
15 degrees of ankle PF
60 degrees of passive toe extension

38
Q

which muscles bring leg forward in preswing?

A

psoas, quads and adductors

39
Q

initial swing phase requires

A

posterior tilt of pelvis, then rotates forward
60 degrees of knee flexion

40
Q

midswing requires

A

25 degrees of hip flexion
25 degrees of knee flexion

41
Q

terminal swing requires

A

20 degrees of hip flexion
5 degrees of knee flexion
neutral ankle
pelvis rotated forwards

42
Q

if someone has less than ___ degrees of AP pelvis motion during ambulation, it is considered restricted

A

3 degrees

43
Q

normal step distance

A

18 inches (R heel to L heel)

44
Q

normal step width/BOS

A

2-4 inches between R/L heels)

45
Q

normal stride length

A

3 feet (R foot heel to R foot heel)

46
Q

normal cadence

A

117 steps per minute

47
Q

normal velocity

A

1.2-1.4 m/s

48
Q

In circumduction gait, what could be findings?

A

trunk/pelvis tilted anteriorly
knee is locked
not enough DF, knee flexion

49
Q

what is a common finding after stroke, TBI, or fibular fracture?

A

foot drop (loss of ankle dorsiflexion)
weak/absent dorsiflexors, compensate w more hip flexion

50
Q

hemiplegic gait

A

paralysis or weakness of entire side of body
stroke, TBI, cerebral palsy

51
Q

antalgic gait

A

ambulating to avoid pain (short stride on weightbearing foot)

52
Q

ataxic gait

A

ROM and strength fine
lack of coordination (cerebellum?)

53
Q

scissor gait

A

crossing of legs, narrowing
tight hip adductors
associated with CP, neuro pathologies

54
Q

parkinsonian gait

A

shuffling feet
trunk flexion
weight of body on balls of feet/forefoot
short step length

55
Q

foot drop can lead to excessive hip/knee flexion to clear swing limb, also known as ___ gait

A

steppage

56
Q

vaulting gait

A

rapid ankle PF during stance to clear opposite limb

EEO FINAL (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions