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EEO FINAL > 11: KNEE > Flashcards

11: KNEE Flashcards

1
Q

Normal tibiofemoral angle

A

ASIS, mid patella, mid malleoli
between 165-175

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2
Q

less than 165 tibiofemoral angle is

A

genu valgum

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3
Q

greater than 175 tibiofemoral angle is (super straight)

A

genu varum

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4
Q

Q angle

A

estimates tibiofemoral angle
ASIS to mid patella, to tibial tuberosity

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5
Q

normal Q angle is

A

10-15 degrees (greater than 20 is malalignment)

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6
Q

increased Q angle is caused by

A

genu valgum
excess femoral anteversion
tibial external rotation
*increases risk for lateral patellar subluxation

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7
Q

genu valgum can lead to

A

overpronation
longer leg
tibial external rotation
OA of lateral knee
(children will normally have genu valgum)

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8
Q

genu varum can lead to

A

supination
shorter leg
internal tibial rotation
OA of medial knee

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9
Q

genu recurvatum can lead to

A

knee hyperextension greater than 5 degrees
-anterior tibiofemoral compression
-posterior knee laxity

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10
Q

causes of genu recurvatum

A

anterior pelvic tilt
quad weakness
gastroc/soleus weakness
ankle plantarflexion contracture/DF restriction
global ligament laxity

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11
Q

knee flexion contractures can be caused by

A

immobilization
prolonged wheelchair use
sleeping with pillows under knees
capsular adhesions
abnormal hamstring tone

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12
Q

knee flexion contractures results in

A

excess patellofemoral compression
overworked quads/calves
loss of hip extension
abnormal gait

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13
Q

hip flexion contractures are caused by

A

immobilization (wheelchair)
sleeping with LEs elevated
capsular adhesions
transtibial/transfemoral amputations
abnormal hip flexor tone

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14
Q

hip flexion contractures lead to

A

excessive lumbar compression
overactive erector spinae
loss of hip extension
abnormal gait

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15
Q

full extension=

A

0 degrees

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16
Q

walking knee flexion degrees

A

60-70s

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17
Q

degrees of flexion required to safely climb stairs

A

83 degrees

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18
Q

knee flexion to safely descend stairs

A

90 degrees

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19
Q

knee flexion to get up from chair

A

105

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20
Q

knee flexion to bike

A

115

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21
Q

full knee flexion

A

140

22
Q

capsular end feel for knee

A

extension, then flexion

23
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is due to

A

too much compression to anterior knee
microtrauma from bad patellar tracking from:
-genu valgum
-hip abductor weakness

24
Q

patient has pain with descending stairs
what do they have?

A

patellofemoral pain syndrome

25
Q

symptoms of PFPS

A

anterior knee pain
grinding, clicking, swelling
pain with quad activation
anterior knee pain with squats

26
Q

CPG for PFP

A

AKPS, KOOS, VAS, NPRS
squats, step downs, single leg squats

27
Q

patients with PFPS have weakness with

A

hip abduction
hip extension
external rotation

28
Q

patient has pain ascending stairs: what do they have?

A

patellar tendonitis

29
Q

patellar tendonitis presentation

A

cause: overuse of patellar tendon (hard surface with poor mechanics)
anterior knee pain, infrapatellar pain
delayed swelling
gritty/tender at patellar tendon

30
Q

IT Band syndrome presentation

A

tight ITB
weak glute med/max
positive Obers test

31
Q

IT band syndrome is due to

A

overuse of lateral knee
postural deviations (lower leg rotates one way, foot rotates other way)
biomech problems from prox and distal joints

32
Q

Which outcome measure involves emotional health?

A

LEAP (sleep, pain, social, emotional, work)

33
Q

landing from jump:
pop: what tore?
swelling delayed: what tore
grinding: what tore?

A

pop: ACL
swelling delayed MENISCAL
grinding: patellofemoral

34
Q

meniscal tears present as

A

popping, clicking, locking
DELAYED SWELLING in knee
tenderness at joint line

35
Q

meniscal tears are due to

A

torsional injuries while weightbearing
or degeneration

36
Q

ACL tears are caused by

A

rapid direction change/sudden stop on planted foot
landing from jump
medially directed blow to knee
BOTH NONCONTACT/CONTACT

37
Q

Patient presents with rapid swelling in knee joint, decreased quad activation, and feeling knee ‘give way.’ What do they have?

A

ACL tear

38
Q

CPG guidelines for ACL tears recommend….

A

-exercise based injury prevention: strength/plyometrics
-4 HOP TESTS to assess readiness to return to activities
-Lysholm score and Tegner scale
KOOS

39
Q

PCL tears are caused by

A

MVA/dashboard injuries
hyperextension (athletes)
*very unlikely to be injured in isolation, since it requires forceful trauma

40
Q

ACL and PCL tears present with immediate what

A

knee swelling
*both also feel unstable

41
Q

What causes MCL tears?

A

valgus hit to knee
forceful tibial external rotation

42
Q

MCL tears present as

A

swelling
pain
knee giving way medially
*can heal on their own over 6 weeks

43
Q

LCL tears are caused by

A

varus force to knee
forceful tibial external rotation
*rarely injured in isolation

44
Q

LCL tears will present with

A

swelling
pain
instability
maybe numbness/tingling due to stretch of common fibular nerve

45
Q

Knee OA causes

A

genu varum/valgum
obesity
*more women than men
repetitive microtraumas, previous knee injuries
*age
weak hip muscles
hereditary

46
Q

knee OA findings

A

loss of knee ROM
knee flexion while standing (lack of ext!)
loss of hip ROM/strength

47
Q

what outcome measure would you use for TKA?

A

KOOS or LEFS

48
Q

TKA are usually received after

A

advanced OA ore severe trauma (total replacement!)

49
Q

Post op TKA, what should you avoid and prioritize?

A

avoid: knee twisting/crossing legs
prioritize: FULL KNEE EXTENSION
*weight bearing restrictions
*do not allow gait to deviate

50
Q
A

EEO FINAL (6 decks)

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