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MIS final > 13 > Flashcards

13 Flashcards

1
Q

application portfolio

A

prioritized list of both existing and potential IT applications. Helps to determine if existing applications need to be modified or if new applications need to be added.

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2
Q

organization strategic plan

A

identifies firms overall mission, and the goals/steps to accomplish the mission.

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3
Q

IT Architecture

A

describes how an organization should use its resources to accomplish its mission

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4
Q

IT Strategic Plan

A

set of long-range goals. Describes IT infrastructure, identifies major IT initiatives to achieve organizational goals.

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5
Q

IT Steering Committee

A

group of managers representing various organizational unites and establishes IT priorities. Links corporate strategy with IT strategy.

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6
Q

IS Operational Plan

A

clear set of projects that will be executed in support of the IT strategic plan.

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7
Q

How will you evaluate and justify IT investments?

A

Assess benefits, costs, and issues (cost-benefit analysis)

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8
Q

SDLC

A

Systems Development Life Cycle

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9
Q

Cost-benefit Analysis

A

calculate costs, assess benefits and value. Then compare.

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10
Q

Net Present Value NPV

A

compares present value of future benefits to the cost. Do the benefits exceed the cost?

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11
Q

Return on Investment ROI

A

measures mgmt effectiveness in generating profits with available assets. Net income divided by average invested assets. It is a percentage. The higher the better.

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12
Q

Break Even Analysis

A

do benefits equal the investment?

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13
Q

Business Case Approach

A

system developers write a business case to justify funding for applications or projects. These cases describe what to do and how.

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14
Q

ASP Application Service Providers

A

vendor who assembles the software and packages it with services. The customer accesses these apps through the internet

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15
Q

Software As Service Vendors Saas

A

method of delivering software. Vendor hosts apps, provides them as a service over a network (typically the internet)

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16
Q

Using Open Source Software

A

same as normal application but with license to operate

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17
Q

Outsourcing

A

acquiring goods (such as IT applications) from outside contractors/external organizations. Offshoring- sometimes these operations are relocated.

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18
Q

Systems Developement Life Cycle

A

traditional method for large-scale IT projects. Structured framework with a sequential process by which information systems are developed. (SEE GRAPH)

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19
Q

Systems Analysis

A

IS professionals. Analyze and design IS.

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20
Q

Programmers

A

IS professionals. Modify existing computer programs or write new ones to meet requirements.

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21
Q

Technical specialists

A

experts on a specific type of technology

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22
Q

Systems Stakeholders

A

everyone who can be affected by changes in a company’s IS. Ie users and managers.

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23
Q

Feasibility Study

A

analyses which of these three solutions will best fit the business problem/opportunity

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24
Q

Three Solutions of Feasibility study

A

Technical feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Behavioral feasibility

25
Q

Technical Feasibility

A

can the company develop or acquire hardware, software, comm components for the business problem?

26
Q

Economic Feasability

A

is the project at financial risk? Does the organization have the time and money to complete project under current conditions? Methods include NPV, ROI, breakeven analysis, or business cases.

27
Q

Behavioral Fesability

A

addresses the human issues.

28
Q

Systems Analysis

A

examination of the business problem/opp that the organization plans to solve with an IS. Gathering info about existing system to determine requirements for enhanced modified system. End product of system requirements aka deliverable.

29
Q

Systems Design

A

describes how the system will resolves the business prob/opp. Which hardware, software, inputs, outputs, blueprint, etc.

30
Q

Scope Creep

A

adding functions to IS after the project has been initiated and system specifications have been “frozen”.

31
Q

Programming

A

translating the design specifications into computer code.

32
Q

Implementation

A

(deployment) process of converting from the old system to the new one. Organizational change.

33
Q

Three strategies for Implementation (deployment)

A

Direct conversion
Pilot conversion
Phased conversion

34
Q

Direct Conversion

A

old system cut off, new system turned on.

35
Q

Pilot Conversion

A

new system introduced in one part of the organization, is run for a period of time, then is assessed. If system is working properly, it is implemented in other parts of the organization.

36
Q

Phased conversion

A

introduces components of the new system (ie individuals modules, in stages). Each module is assessed and if it works properly, other modules are introduced until new system is operational.

37
Q

Types of maintenance

A

debugging, updating, adding new functions.

38
Q

Joint Application Design

A

group based decision making that collects user requirements then creates system design. For system development.

39
Q

Rapid Application Development

A

system development method combines JAD Joint Application Design, prototyping, and ICASE tools. JAD to define requirements, then tested and improve through prototypes, ICASE structures requirements and develops prototypes.

40
Q

Agile Development

A

p362.systems development method delivers functionality in iterations/sprint (ie weekly).

41
Q

Sprints

A

in time period, team develops working tested software features from backlog

42
Q

Scrum Approach

A

type of agile development. During project, users can change their mind about what they need and want. Acknowledges development problems cannot be fully understood/defined from the start

43
Q

End User Development

A

end users develop their own applications without IT assistance

44
Q

Prototyping

A

defines an initial list of user requirements, builds a model of the system, then refines the system in several iterations based on user feedback.

45
Q

Prototype

A

smaller version of actual system.

46
Q

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering Tools (CASE Tools)

A

tools that automate tasks. Upper CASE= early stages of system development (investigation, analysis, design). Lower CASE- later stages of SDLC (programming, testing, operation, and maintenance).

47
Q

Integrated Computer-Assissted Software Engineering Tools (ICASE)

A

links upper CASE and lower CASE tools.

48
Q

Component Based Development

A

uses standard components to build applications

49
Q

Components

A

reusable apps with one specific function. Less programing, more assembly.

50
Q

Object Oriented Development

A

developing a system that performs more than the original task. Incorporates aspects of the real world and models it to perform tasks.

51
Q

Request for Proposal

A

a document sent to potential vendors inviting them submit a proposal that describes their software and how it meets the company’s needs.

52
Q

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

A

formal agreements that specify how work is to be devided between the company and its vendors.

53
Q

IT Planning Process

A 
Analyze the organizational strategic plan 
Establish IT Architecture 
IT Strategic plan
develop IS operational plan 
deal with IS development projects.
54
Q

What are the problems in assessing the costs and benefits of IT investments?

A

When assessing costs, its hard to allocate fixed costs.

When assessing benefits, diffilculty is encountered when evaluating non tangible things.

55
Q

What options do organizations have for acquiring IT applications

A 
Purchase a prewritten application
Customize a prewritten application
Lease the applications
Application Service Providers and Software as Service Vendors
Use open source software
Outsourcing
Custom development
56
Q

Identify the different activities in each phase of the SDLC

A 
Systems investigation
Systems analysis
Systems design
Programming and testing
Implementation
Operation and maintenance
57
Q

Describe the alternative methods and tools for systems development.

A

Joint application design
Rapid application development
Agile development
End-user development

58
Q

What are the key criteria for selecting a software application package?

A

Identify potential vendors
Determine the evaluation criteria for vendor and software package
Evaluate vendors and packages
Choose the vendor and package
Negotiate a contract
Establish a service legal agreement (SLA)

MIS final (4 decks)

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