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13 Flashcards

1
Q

application portfolio

A

prioritized list of both existing and potential IT applications. Helps to determine if existing applications need to be modified or if new applications need to be added.

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2
Q

organization strategic plan

A

identifies firms overall mission, and the goals/steps to accomplish the mission.

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3
Q

IT Architecture

A

describes how an organization should use its resources to accomplish its mission

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4
Q

IT Strategic Plan

A

set of long-range goals. Describes IT infrastructure, identifies major IT initiatives to achieve organizational goals.

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5
Q

IT Steering Committee

A

group of managers representing various organizational unites and establishes IT priorities. Links corporate strategy with IT strategy.

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6
Q

IS Operational Plan

A

clear set of projects that will be executed in support of the IT strategic plan.

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7
Q

How will you evaluate and justify IT investments?

A

Assess benefits, costs, and issues (cost-benefit analysis)

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8
Q

SDLC

A

Systems Development Life Cycle

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9
Q

Cost-benefit Analysis

A

calculate costs, assess benefits and value. Then compare.

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10
Q

Net Present Value NPV

A

compares present value of future benefits to the cost. Do the benefits exceed the cost?

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11
Q

Return on Investment ROI

A

measures mgmt effectiveness in generating profits with available assets. Net income divided by average invested assets. It is a percentage. The higher the better.

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12
Q

Break Even Analysis

A

do benefits equal the investment?

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13
Q

Business Case Approach

A

system developers write a business case to justify funding for applications or projects. These cases describe what to do and how.

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14
Q

ASP Application Service Providers

A

vendor who assembles the software and packages it with services. The customer accesses these apps through the internet

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15
Q

Software As Service Vendors Saas

A

method of delivering software. Vendor hosts apps, provides them as a service over a network (typically the internet)

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16
Q

Using Open Source Software

A

same as normal application but with license to operate

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17
Q

Outsourcing

A

acquiring goods (such as IT applications) from outside contractors/external organizations. Offshoring- sometimes these operations are relocated.

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18
Q

Systems Developement Life Cycle

A

traditional method for large-scale IT projects. Structured framework with a sequential process by which information systems are developed. (SEE GRAPH)

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19
Q

Systems Analysis

A

IS professionals. Analyze and design IS.

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20
Q

Programmers

A

IS professionals. Modify existing computer programs or write new ones to meet requirements.

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21
Q

Technical specialists

A

experts on a specific type of technology

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22
Q

Systems Stakeholders

A

everyone who can be affected by changes in a company’s IS. Ie users and managers.

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23
Q

Feasibility Study

A

analyses which of these three solutions will best fit the business problem/opportunity

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24
Q

Three Solutions of Feasibility study

A

Technical feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Behavioral feasibility

25
Technical Feasibility
can the company develop or acquire hardware, software, comm components for the business problem?
26
Economic Feasability
is the project at financial risk? Does the organization have the time and money to complete project under current conditions? Methods include NPV, ROI, breakeven analysis, or business cases.
27
Behavioral Fesability
addresses the human issues.
28
Systems Analysis
examination of the business problem/opp that the organization plans to solve with an IS. Gathering info about existing system to determine requirements for enhanced modified system. End product of system requirements aka deliverable.
29
Systems Design
describes how the system will resolves the business prob/opp. Which hardware, software, inputs, outputs, blueprint, etc.
30
Scope Creep
adding functions to IS after the project has been initiated and system specifications have been “frozen”.
31
Programming
translating the design specifications into computer code.
32
Implementation
(deployment) process of converting from the old system to the new one. Organizational change.
33
Three strategies for Implementation (deployment)
Direct conversion Pilot conversion Phased conversion
34
Direct Conversion
old system cut off, new system turned on.
35
Pilot Conversion
new system introduced in one part of the organization, is run for a period of time, then is assessed. If system is working properly, it is implemented in other parts of the organization.
36
Phased conversion
introduces components of the new system (ie individuals modules, in stages). Each module is assessed and if it works properly, other modules are introduced until new system is operational.
37
Types of maintenance
debugging, updating, adding new functions.
38
Joint Application Design
group based decision making that collects user requirements then creates system design. For system development.
39
Rapid Application Development
system development method combines JAD Joint Application Design, prototyping, and ICASE tools. JAD to define requirements, then tested and improve through prototypes, ICASE structures requirements and develops prototypes.
40
Agile Development
p362.systems development method delivers functionality in iterations/sprint (ie weekly).
41
Sprints
in time period, team develops working tested software features from backlog
42
Scrum Approach
type of agile development. During project, users can change their mind about what they need and want. Acknowledges development problems cannot be fully understood/defined from the start
43
End User Development
end users develop their own applications without IT assistance
44
Prototyping
defines an initial list of user requirements, builds a model of the system, then refines the system in several iterations based on user feedback.
45
Prototype
smaller version of actual system.
46
Computer-Assisted Software Engineering Tools (CASE Tools)
tools that automate tasks. Upper CASE= early stages of system development (investigation, analysis, design). Lower CASE- later stages of SDLC (programming, testing, operation, and maintenance).
47
Integrated Computer-Assissted Software Engineering Tools (ICASE)
links upper CASE and lower CASE tools.
48
Component Based Development
uses standard components to build applications
49
Components
reusable apps with one specific function. Less programing, more assembly.
50
Object Oriented Development
developing a system that performs more than the original task. Incorporates aspects of the real world and models it to perform tasks.
51
Request for Proposal
a document sent to potential vendors inviting them submit a proposal that describes their software and how it meets the company’s needs.
52
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
formal agreements that specify how work is to be devided between the company and its vendors.
53
IT Planning Process
``` Analyze the organizational strategic plan Establish IT Architecture IT Strategic plan develop IS operational plan deal with IS development projects. ```
54
What are the problems in assessing the costs and benefits of IT investments?
When assessing costs, its hard to allocate fixed costs. | When assessing benefits, diffilculty is encountered when evaluating non tangible things.
55
What options do organizations have for acquiring IT applications
``` Purchase a prewritten application Customize a prewritten application Lease the applications Application Service Providers and Software as Service Vendors Use open source software Outsourcing Custom development ```
56
Identify the different activities in each phase of the SDLC
``` Systems investigation Systems analysis Systems design Programming and testing Implementation Operation and maintenance ```
57
Describe the alternative methods and tools for systems development.
Joint application design Rapid application development Agile development End-user development
58
What are the key criteria for selecting a software application package?
Identify potential vendors Determine the evaluation criteria for vendor and software package Evaluate vendors and packages Choose the vendor and package Negotiate a contract Establish a service legal agreement (SLA)

MIS final (4 decks)

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