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Chapter 13, 14, 15 > 13 > Flashcards

13 Flashcards

0
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Little brain, cerebellum

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1
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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2
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Brain, cerebrum

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3
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull, cranium

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4
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

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5
Q

Gangli/o

Ganglion/o

A

Swelling, knot

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6
Q

Mening/i, mening/o

A

Membrane

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7
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, medulla, myelin

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8
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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9
Q

Phren/o
Psych/o
Ment/o

A

Mind

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10
Q

Radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

A

Nerve root

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11
Q

Vag/o

A

Vagus nerve

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12
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Little belly, ventricle

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13
Q

The system is a complex part of the body that has been studied extensively is composed of the brain spinal cord and nerves

A

The nervous system

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14
Q

The brain and spinal cord form the

A

Central nervous system or CNS

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15
Q

The nerves and ganglia form the

A

Peripheral nervous system or PNS

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16
Q

The nervous system maintains body stability or… by monitoring changes in the body initiating responses to those changes

A

Homeostasis

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17
Q

Neurons are supported by other cells of nervous tissue known as…. which make up most of the brain and spinal cord

A

Neuroglia

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18
Q

The tissue making up the brain spinal cord and nerves is called

A

Nervous tissue

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19
Q

Protection from pathogens circulating in the bloodstream is further assisted by a barrier between brain fluids and the blood known as ….the which keeps most bacteria harmful cells and many toxins from entering the nervous system

A

Blood brain barrier

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20
Q

The most common affliction of the nervous system is stroke also known as cerebrovascular accident CVA it is a disruption of the normal flow blood to the brain resulting in the loss of what function that often proves fatal

A

Brain function

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21
Q

According to the CDC over 150,000 lives were lost to stroke 2010 making it the third most common cause of death behind heart disease and cancer

A

Strokes

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22
Q

The treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system is a relatively young branch of medicine known as

A

Neurology

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23
Q

Specialist within the broad field of neurology include

A

Neurosurgeons who practice focuses on brain or spinal cord surgery Psychiatrist who’s medical practice addresses mental illness and
Clinical psychologists who are mental health professionals trained in the treatment of behavioral disorders

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24
Q

A-

An-

A

Without, absence of

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25
Q

Hyper-

A

Excessive, abnormal, high, above

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26
Q

Hypo-

A

Deficient, abnormally low, below

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27
Q

Par-

A

Alongside, abnormal

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28
Q

Poly-

A

Excessive, over, many

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29
Q

Esthesi/o

A

Sensation

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30
Q

Phasi/o

A

To speak

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31
Q

-algesia

A

Pain

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32
Q

-algia

A

Condition of pain

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33
Q

-asthenia

A

Weakness

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34
Q

-ia

A

Condition of

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35
Q

The inability to speak is known as

A

Aphasia

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36
Q

The clinical term for headache or generalized pain in the region of the head including the combining forms for head cephal/o and the suffix that means condition paint the term is means condition of head pain

A

Cephalalgia

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37
Q

This is a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons that triggers muscle contraction
this is also a sign of a neurological disorder and is also called seizure

A

Convulsion

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38
Q

This is an excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli

A

Hyperalgesia

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39
Q

This is a deficient sensitivity to normally painful stimuli

A

Hypoalgesia

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40
Q

An excessive sensitivity to stimulus such as touch sound or pain

A

Hyperesthesia

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41
Q

A condition of pain in the nerve is a symptom known as

A

Neuralgia

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42
Q

This is a generalized experience of body fatigue which is often associated with mental depression
Alternate terms sharing the same meaning include
chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia and dysphoria

A

Neurasthenia

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43
Q

Abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling caused by an injury to one or more nerves

A

Paresthesia

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44
Q

A condition of pain in many nerves is called

A

Polyneuralgia

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45
Q

This is a temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain is often called fainting

A

Syncope

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46
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over, above, on top

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47
Q

Hemi-

A

Half

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48
Q

Intra-

A

Within

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49
Q

Mono-

A

One

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50
Q

Para-

A

Alongside, or abnormal

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51
Q

Quadri-

A

Four

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52
Q

Ather/o

A

Fatty

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53
Q

Aut/o

A

Self

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54
Q

Embol/o

A

Plug

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55
Q

Gli/o

A

Glue

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56
Q

Gnos/o

A

knowledge

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57
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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58
Q

Hydr/o

A

Water

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59
Q

Later/o

A

Side

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60
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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61
Q

Narc/o

A

Numbness

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62
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray

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63
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard

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64
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

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65
Q

Vascul/o

A

Little vessel

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66
Q
  • al
  • ar
  • ic
  • us
A

Pertaining to

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67
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, swelling, protrusion

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68
Q

-ion

A

Process

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69
Q

-ism

A

Condition or disease

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70
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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71
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

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72
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

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73
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

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74
Q

-osis

A

Condition of

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75
Q

-pathy

A

Disease

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76
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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77
Q

-rrhage

A

Abnormal discharge

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78
Q

-troph

A

Development

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79
Q

The loss of the ability to interpret sensory information is a disorder known as
literally means a condition without knowledge

A

Agnosia

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80
Q

Among some individuals over the age of 40 years the brain undergoes gradual deterioration resulting in confusion, short-term memory loss and restlessness this disease is called
and is abbreviated AD

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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81
Q

A disease characterized by the progressive atrophy of muscles caused by Harding of nervous tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord is called
also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease and abbreviated ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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82
Q

This literally means disease of self and is a developmental disorder that varies in severity with patients and characterize by withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development and social conduct and communication

A

Autism

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83
Q

In general a palsy is a condition of muscular paralysis in this…
the patient suffers from paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage to the seventh cranial nerve

A

Bell palsy

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84
Q

Inflammation of the cerebellum is called

symptoms of this disease include a loss of muscle coordination and equilibrium

A

Cerebellitis

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85
Q

An aneurysm is a circulatory problem caused by the weekend wall of a blood vessel resulting in a bulge in the wall that is in danger of bursting a …. affects arteries channeling blood to the brain place in the brain great risk of damage that results from a burst aneurysm

A

Cerebral aneurysm

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86
Q

This disease affects arteries supplying the brain

A

Cerebral atherosclerosis

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87
Q

A moving blood clot in an artery of the brain is called

A

Cerebral embolism

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88
Q

The condition of a stationary blood clot in an artery of the brain is known as

A

Cerebral thrombosis

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89
Q

Recall that the term hemorrhage means a loss of blood or bleeding
a … is the condition of bleeding from blood vessels associated with the cerebrum

A

Cerebral hemorrhage

90
Q

A condition that appears at birth or shortly afterward as a partial muscle paralysis is called
Caused by a brain lesion present at birth or brain defect durning dev.
Abbreviated CP no treatment or cure

A

Cerebral palsy

91
Q

A blink occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or cut off resulting in the irreversible death of brain cells followed by losses of mental function or death

A

Cerebrovascular accident CVA stroke

92
Q

General term describing several levels of abnormally decreased consciousness the term is deep sleep

A

Coma

93
Q

An injury to soft tissue resulting from a blow or violent shaking

A

Concussion

94
Q

The cerebrum undergoes physical damage when it strikes against the inside wall of the cranium is called a

A

cerebral concussion

95
Q

A more severe brain injury called this… often involves bleeding that can result in functional losses and death.
half of all of these are caused by motorcycle accident

A

Dramatic brain injury TBI

96
Q

The term for inflammation of the brain is

conditions of this are usually caused by bacterial or viral infections

A

Encephalitis

97
Q

Softening of the brain tissue is called… and it’s usually caused by deficient blood flow to the brain

A

Encephalomalacia

98
Q

A brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures including convulsions and temporary loss of consciousness is the disease

A

Epilepsy

99
Q

A neoplasm tumor of glial cells is called …

becomes life-threatening when it crowds out functional neurons

A

Glioma

100
Q

This is a congenital disease caused by abnormally increased volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in the brain ventricles of a child before the cranial sutures have sealed resulting in enlargement of the cranium and in many cases brain damage
This can be surgically corrected by placement of the CSF shunt that drains excess fluid

A

Hydrocephalus

101
Q

A benign tumor of the meninges usually arising from the arachnoid mater and occurring within the superior sagittal sinus on top of the brain

A

Meningioma

102
Q

An inflammation of the meninges

it’s usually caused by bacterial or viral infection

A

Meningitis

103
Q

A protrusion of the meninges usually caused by a birth defect in the skull or spinal column

A

Meningocele

104
Q

The term associated with a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defective opening in the spinal column is…
both conditions are congenital defects are part of the congenital disease called spina bifida

A

Meningomyelocele

105
Q

A disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain is known as

abbreviated MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

106
Q

Inflammation of the spinal cord is called

A

Myelitis

107
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations is called

A

Narcolepsy

108
Q

Inflammation of a nerve is called

A

Neuritis

109
Q

Many nerves are inflamed at once is called

A

Polyneuritis

110
Q

A tumor originating from neurons is generally called a

A

Neuroma

111
Q

A disease affecting any part of the nervous system such as the cranial nerve, the brain, or the spinal cord is known as

A

Neuropathy

112
Q

When many parts of the nervous system are affected by this condition the term is called

A

Polyneuropathy

113
Q

In this muscles of the legs lower body paralyzed

A

Paraplegia

114
Q

When one limb is paralyzed it’s called

A

Monoplegia

115
Q

When one side of the body is paralyzed it is called

A

Hemiplegia

116
Q

Paralysis from the neck down including all four limbs is called this

A

Quadriplegia

117
Q

A chronic degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors rigidity and shuffling gait is called

A

Parkinson’s disease abbreviated PD

118
Q

Caused by one of several viruses belonging to the family polio virus the disease blank is characterized by inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord often resulting in paralysis is commonly referred to as polio

A

Poliomyelitis

119
Q

An acute often fatal infection of the central nervous system that is caused by virus transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected animal it’s called this

A

Rabies

120
Q

The condition of inflammation on the ventricles of the brain is known as

A

Ventriculitis

121
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood vessel

121
Q

Dur/o

A

Hard

122
Q

Ech/o

A

Sound

123
Q

Electr/o

A

Electricity

124
Q

Esthesi/o

A

Sensation

125
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

126
Q

-algesia

A

Pain

127
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical excision, removal

128
Q

-gram

A

A record or image

129
Q

-graphy

A

Recording process

130
Q

-ia

A

Condition of

131
Q

-iatry

A

Treatment, speciality

132
Q

-ist

A

One who specializes

133
Q

-logy

A

Study or science of

134
Q

-lysis

A

Loosen, dissolve

135
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair

136
Q

-rraphy

A

Suturing

137
Q

-tome

A

Cutting instrument

138
Q

-tomy

A

Incision, to cut

139
Q

Pain management is an important part of treatment for many forms of disease the most common form of pain management is….
Which is the use of such as ibuprofen aspirin acetaminophen

A

Analgesic

140
Q

The primary type of pain management that is used during surgical procedures is
Means without the condition of sensation

A

Anesthesia

141
Q

Anesthesia is managed by a physician called a

A

Anesthesiologist

142
Q

Anesthesia is often administered by trained specialist called a

A

Anesthetist

143
Q

A diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by x-ray photography is known as

A

Cerebral angiography

144
Q

A procedure involving the use of a computer to interpret a series of x-ray images and construct from them a three-dimensional view of the brain is known as & commonly called CT scan

A

Computed tomography

145
Q

The surgical removal of part of the cranium is called

this is usually done to replace a fractured cranial bone

A

Craniectomy

146
Q

An incision is made through the cranium to provide surgical access to the brain

The surgical knife used to perform this operation is called a craniotome

A

Craniotomy

147
Q

The procedure that uses ultrasound technology to record brain structures in the search for abnormalities

is it also abbreviated echo ET

A

Echoencephalography

148
Q

A general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders is known as

Examples: antianxiety meds, anticonvulsants, antipyretics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and also tranquilizers, sedatives and even narcotics

A

Effectual drug therapy

149
Q

A diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity

abbreviated EEG

A

Electroencephalography

150
Q

The injection of a spinal block anesthetic into the epidural space external to the spinal cord.
It is a common procedure to manage pain during painful childbirth labor
meaning pertaining to on top of the Dura

A

Epidural

151
Q

A group of diagnostic test that measures change in brainwave during particular stimuli determine brain function is known as or EP studies evaluate site hearing and other senses

A

Evoked potential studies

152
Q

Surgical removal of a ganglion is known as

A

Ganglionectomy

153
Q

This is a withdrawal of CFS from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord abbreviated LP

A

Lumbar puncture

154
Q

In the frequently used diagnostic procedure powerful magnets are used to observe soft tissues in the body including the brain abbreviated MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

155
Q

This is an x-ray photography of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye

A

Myelogram

156
Q

The procedure that injects a contrast dye into the spinal cord is called

A

Myelography

157
Q

The surgical removal of a nerve is a procedure known as

A

Neurectomy

158
Q

The study and medical practice of the nervous system is known as

A

Neurology

159
Q

A physician who specializes in neurology is called

A

Neurologist

160
Q

A surgical physician in neurology is called

A

Neurosurgeon

161
Q

The procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions is known as

A

Neurolysis

162
Q

The surgical repair of a nerve is called

A

Neuroplasty

163
Q

The suturing of a nerve is called

A

Neurorrhaphy

164
Q

Incision into a nerve is called

A

Neurotomy

165
Q

A scan using an injected radioactive chemical to provide a map of blood flows within the body that can be correlated to function as a computerize procedure known as
it is often called a PET scan

A

Positron emission tomography

166
Q

The branch of medicine that addresses disorders of the brain resulting in mental emotional and behavioral disturbances is known as

A

Psychiatry

167
Q

A physician practicing in this field of psychiatry is called

A

Psychiatrist

168
Q

In contrast to psychiatry the field of this is not a medical specialty it is the study of human behavior

A

Psychology

169
Q

Technique used in treating behavioral and emotional issues is called

A

Psychotherapy

170
Q

Surgical incision into a nerve root is called it is also called rhizotomy because a nerve root has two combining forms

A

Radicotomy

171
Q

This is a series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body’s responses to touch stimuli

this is useful in assessing stroke head trauma birth defects and other neurological challenges

A

Reflex testing

172
Q

The test includes involving percussion at the patellar tendon and elsewhere and Babinski reflex involving stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot

A

Deep tendon reflexes DTR

173
Q

During this procedure several branches of the vagus nerve are severed to reduce acid secretion into the stomach in an effort to prevent the recurrence of peptic ulcers

A

Vagotomy

174
Q

Bi-

A

Two

175
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

176
Q

-lexia

A

Pertaining to a word or phrase

177
Q

-mania

A

Madness, frenzy

178
Q

-phobia

A

Fear

179
Q

Schiz/o

A

To divide, split

180
Q

Somat/o

A

Body

181
Q

Anxiety is the apprehension of danger filling a person with fear over the future a blank occurs when this mental state dominates behavior

A

Anxiety disorder

182
Q

A neurological disorder characterized by short attention span import concentration is called abbreviated ADD

A

Attention deficit disorder

183
Q

A similar disorder abbreviated ADHD has the added symptom of hyperactivity or hyperkinesis

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

184
Q

The mental disorder called
affects the cognitive functions of the cerebrum causing alternating periods of high energy and mental confusion with low energy and mental depression pertaining to two poles

A

Bipolar disease

185
Q

And impairment of mental function characterized by memory loss disorientation and confusion it’s usually associated with old age and sometimes accompanies Alzheimer’s disease

A

Dementia

186
Q

Some individuals have a reading handicap that has a neurological cause in which some letters and numbers are reversed in order by the brain the condition is called

and it literally means condition of difficult reading

A

Dyslexia

187
Q

And emotional disorder of abnormally high psychomotor activity which includes excitement, a rapid movement of ideas, unstable attention sleeplessness, and confusion between reality and imagination

A

Mania

188
Q

Different forms of mania include such as in which an individual believes oneself to be a person of great fame or wealth

A

Megalomania

189
Q

A person with an obsessive fascination with fire

A

Pyromania

190
Q

This is an emotional disorder involving a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress

A

Neurosis

191
Q

A person experiencing persistent delusions of persecution resulting in mistrust and combativeness suffers from the word meaning derangement and madness

A

Paranoia

192
Q

This is an irrational excessive fear it’s often used when describing a particular fear

A

Phobia

193
Q

A fear of spiders is called

A

Arachnophobia

194
Q

A fear of public places is called

A

Agoraphobia

195
Q

This is an abnormal fear of heights

A

Acrophobia

196
Q

The fear of developing a phobia

A

Phobophobia

197
Q

Many individuals who have experienced severe mental strain or emotional trauma such as military combat or physical assault suffer from an acute condition that include sleeplessness anxiety and paranoia this condition is called is abbreviated PTSD

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder

198
Q

This is a general term for a mental or emotional disorder

literally means disease of the mind

A

Psychopathy

199
Q

An individual suffering from a gross distortion or disorganization of their mental capacity emotional response and capacity to recognize reality and relate to others maybe diagnosed with this disease known as

The most common form of this is schizophrenia

A

Psychosis

200
Q

It refers to the influence of the mind over bodily functions especially disease among some people there mind creates symptoms that suggest an illness when physical signs are absent

A

Psychosomatic

201
Q

Most common form of psychosis is and it’s characterized by delusions hallucinations extensive withdrawal from other people and the outside world

A

Schizophrenia

202
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer’s disease

203
Q

ADD

A

Attention deficit disorder

204
Q

ADHD

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

205
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

206
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

207
Q

CP

A

Cerebral palsy

208
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

209
Q

CT or CAT scan

A

Computed (axial) tomography scan

210
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

211
Q

DTR

A

Deep tendon reflexes

212
Q

Echo EG

A

Echoencephalography

213
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography

214
Q

EP

A

Evoked potential

215
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

216
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

217
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

218
Q

PD

A

Parkinson’s disease

219
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography

220
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

221
Q

PTSD

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder

222
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic brain injury

Chapter 13, 14, 15 (3 decks)

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