1.3 Flashcards
Neural Cells
Basic building of the nervous stem, responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.
Neurons
Responsible for many of body’s actions
Gial Cells
Cells that support nerve cells, or neurons, in the nervous system
The Reflex Arc
Function in order to maintain a balanced and stable position
Sensory Neurons
Nerve cells that receive sensory input from the environment and transmit that information to the brain
Motor Neurons
Specialized brain cells that transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles,glands,and organs throughout the body
Interneurons
Connects sensory and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord
Mirror Neurons
Provide a mechanism for action understanding, imitation learning, and stimulation of other peoples behavior
Neural Transmission
Transmission of nerve impulses across synapse
All Or Nothing Principle
Describes how nerve cells either fire at full strength or do not
Depolarization
Membrane potential becomes less negative, facilitating the generation of an action potential
Refractory Period
The period immediately after a neuronal firing during which no additional neuronal firings can be completed
Resting Potential
When a neuron is resting
Reuptake
Pre synaptic neuron reabsorbs its released neurotransmitter after the neurotransmitter has done its job by binding to the postsynaptic neuron
Threshold
The lowest point at which a particular stimulus will cause a response in an organism
Multiple Sclerosis
Chronic disease of the CNS where immune system attacks sheath and causes communication problems between your brain and body
Myasthenia gravis
Chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles
Neurotransmitter
Chemical that allows neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body
Excitatory Transmitter
Excite neuron that causes neurons to fire off the message.
Inhibitory Transmitter
Block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further
Dopamine
Type of neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a role in movement, memory, and motivation
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter with an integral role in the body like behavior, mood, memory, and gastrointestinal homeostasis
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter of the brain that plays as essential role in the regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function, and stress resctions
Glutamate
Neurotransmitter important to memory cognition and mood regulation
GABA
neurotransmitter, chemical messenger to your brain, blocks specific signals in CNS to slow down brain (produces a calming affect)
Endorphins
Neurotransmitter released by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in the brain.
Substance P
Neuroleptics involved in inflammation and in signaling noxious stimulation to the brain
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter that is considered excitatory and carries messages from brain to body
Adrenaline
Helps you prepare for stressful or dangerous situations, secreted by adrenaline glands
Leptin
Hormone your body releases that helps maintain your nor a, weight on a long term basis
Ghrelin
Multifaceted hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, insulin increase and protects cardiovascular health
Melatonin
Hormone in your body that plays a role in sleep
OxyContin
Euphoria, a feeling of relaxation are the most common affect of oxycodone on the brain
Psychoactive Drugs
Chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alteration in perception, moods consciousness, cognition, or behavior
Antagonists
Chemical medication that attaches to the brain receptors and inhibits an agonist from reacting
Stimulants
Broad class of drugs that increase the activity of the CNS
Depressants
Substances that slow down the CNS resulting in an overall feeling of relaxation
Hallucinogens
Group of drugs that alter a persons perception of reality
Opioids
Natural semi synthetic or synthetic chemicals that interact with opioid receptors in the body and brain and reduce perception of pain
