1.3

Question 1

how many chromosomes in a adult haploid egg?

Answer 1

23

Question 2

how many chromosomes in sperm?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

how many chromosomes in diploid cell (zygote)

Answer 3

46

the cells of the zygote divid, giving rise to more and more diploid cells through the process of mitosis that form the multicellular diploid indiv

Question 4

broad def of meiosis

Answer 4

cell division process in which the # of chromosomes is reduces during cell division in order to counterbalance the doubling that occurs during fertilization. only specialized cells called germ cells located in the gonads are capable of meiosis

Question 5

can plants undergo meiosis

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what is different about the haploid stage of the life cycle of plants compared to humans?

Answer 6

plant haploid is usually a multicellular organism

Question 7

dominant trait

Answer 7

‘stronger’ trait that masks the ‘weaker’ (recessive) trait

Question 8

recessive trait

Answer 8

‘weaker’ trait that is ‘masked’ by the dominant trait

Question 9

allele

Answer 9

alternate versions of a gene

Question 10

how does a diploid organism inherit two alleles?

Answer 10

for ea character, an organism inherits 2 characters (allele) of a gene, one from ea parent

Question 11

if the two alleles in a diploid indiv differ (aka heterozygote) what is the relationship of the two alleles to the organisms phenotype?

Answer 11

the dominant allele determines the organisms appearance, the recessive allele has no noticeable effect on the organism appearance

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes; the clinical presentation of an individual with a particular genotype.

organisms appearance/observable trait

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 14

homozygote

Answer 14

an organism with identical pairs of genes (or alleles) for a specific trait.

Question 15

heterozygote

Answer 15

presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele

Question 16

law of segregation

Answer 16

explains that the pair of alleles segregate from each other during meiosis cell division (gamete formation) so that only one allele will be present in each gamete.

the 2 allels for a character separate during the formation of gamete cells and end up in diff daughter cells

Question 17

daughter cell

Answer 17

A cell produced by reproductive division of a cell during mitosis or meiosis

Question 18

complete dominance

Answer 18

when one allele is fully dominant over the other

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

when both alleles are partially expressed

Question 20

codominance

Answer 20

when allels are expressed equally

Question 21

Tray-Sach’s allele

Answer 21

Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in both alleles of a gene (HEXA) on chromosome 15. HEXA codes for the alpha subunit of the enzyme β-hexosaminidase A. This enzyme is found in lysosomes, organelles that break down large molecules for recycling by the cell.

-homozygous

Question 22

T/F - ea gene has only two alleles

Answer 22

F

Question 23

pleiotropy

Answer 23

when a gene has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 24

in inheritance of recessive traits, ppl who are affected with recessive disorders are born to parents who are…

Answer 24

carriers

Question 25

what does the word carrier mean when we talk about recessive inherited disorders?

Answer 25

that they carry the allele with the recessive gene but do not phenotypically display it bc they are heterozygous

Question 26

T/F - you can tell an allele is dominant bc it is more common in a population

Answer 26

F

Question 27

autosomal dominant

Answer 27

• rare (often unusual to see homozygous dominant individuals if severe phenotype)
• males and females equally affected (autosomal)
• affected individuals have an affected parent (dominant)
• doesnt skip generations (dominant)

Question 28

x-linked recessive

Answer 28

• rare
• males affected more frequently
• skips generations
• unaffected generations have affected children
• never have father to son transmission

Question 29

autosomal recessive

Answer 29

• rare
• males and females equally affected
• unaffected individuals have affected individuals
• skips generations
• becomes more common with inbreeding

Question 30

mRNA is —- stranded

Answer 30

single stranded