1.2.4 - types of programming language

Question 1

class

Answer 1

A template defining methods and attributes used to make objects.

Question 2

attribute

Answer 2

Data associated with the class.

Question 3

method

Answer 3

A functionality of the class - something that it can do, or that can be done with it.

Question 4

Why are attributes declared private and methods public?

Answer 4

Allows other classes to use methods belonging to another class but may not see or change their attributes.

Question 5

information hiding

Answer 5

A class cannot directly access the attributes of another class when they are declared private.

Question 6

constructor method

Answer 6

Used to create objects in a class.

Question 7

instantiation

Answer 7

The creation of a new object (an instance of a class).

Question 8

getter method

Answer 8

Functions that return the value of an attribute.

Question 9

setter method

Answer 9

Procedures which change the state of an object.

Question 10

encapsulation

Answer 10

Binds together the attributes and methods that manipulate the data.

Question 11

inheritance

Answer 11

Classes can inherit data and behaviour from a parent class.

Question 12

synonym for child class

Answer 12

subclass

Question 13

synonym for parent class

Answer 13

superclass

Question 14

polymorphism

Answer 14

A programming language’s ability to process objects differently depending on their class.

Question 15

overriding

Answer 15

Defining a method with the same name and formal argument types as a method inherited
from a superclass.

Question 16

opcode

Answer 16

Part of the instruction that indicates what to do.

Question 17

mnemonic

Answer 17

A sequence of letters that is easy for a person to remember.

Question 18

3 advantages of encapsulation

Answer 18

• reduces the chance of errors/ inconsistencies
• ensures objects can only be changed in the way intended
• protecting data

Question 19

BRP

Answer 19

branch if zero or positive

Question 20

Describe 2 benefits of using an object-oriented paradigm rather than a procedural paradigm.

Answer 20

• Code can easily be reused as classes can be used in other programs.
• Code can be more secure as access to attributes can be restricted via methods.

Question 21

declarative language

Answer 21

A high-level language that states what is required but not how to do it. The statements do not have to be in a specific order.

Question 22

State and explain one use of a declarative language. (2)

Answer 22

medical diagnosis: can find alternative solutions

Question 23

Describe 3 features of an object-oriented language. (6)

Answer 23

• Self-contained object contains methods and attributes
• Uses encapsulation so the object can only be accessed through methods
• Inheritance allows a subclass to derive attributes and methods from its superclass