1.2.4 Types of Programming Language Flashcards
1.2.4 A)
What is a program paradigms
Are approaches to using a program language to solve problems.
1.2.4 A)
Types of program paradigms
imperative and decleartive
1.2.4 A)
What is imperative
Code clearly specify the action to be preformed
1.2.4 A)
What is declarative
Focus on declaring the desired result. Details on how its obtained are abstracted from the user
1.2.4 A)
Type of imperative
procedual - python
oop
1.2.4 A)
Type of declaratuve
functional - reusing func
logic - quries to find problem - sql
1.2.4 B)
properites of procedual programming
Easy to implement ,not possible to solve all problems or maybe ineff
1.2.4 B)
Four main programming structure
Sequence - execute line by line top to bottom
Selection - Code is run if a specific condition is met
iteration - code is run a # of time or while condtion true
Recursion - Func are expression in terms of themselves until conditions is met known as base case
1.2.4 B)
What is procedual programming suited for
is suited to probelsm that can be easly be expressed as a series of instructions
1.2.4 C)
What is assembly language
Next level up from machine code low level language converted to machine code using an assembler
1.2.4 C)
explain LLL
language based on instruction set of the computer
1.2.4 C)
How does AL use mnemonics
uses mnemonics rather then binary easier to use than direct machine code. Mnemoics represent numeric code
Processor specific as it directly interacts with cpu purpose register
1.2.4 C)
What is Assembly language used for and why
useful for embedded ssytems as allows for direct interactions with hardware
1.2.4 C)
Mnemocs > instructions > functions
AS SLIO HD BBB
ADD > add > adds values @ memory and acc
SUB > subtract > sub value @ memory from acc
STA > store > Value at acc at address
LDA > load > value at mm to acc
INP > input > user input stored to acc
OUT > output > print value at acc
HLT > halt > stops execution
DAT > data > flag w/ label with data is stored
BRZ > branch if 0 > *BR is zero *CB
BRP > branch if + > *BR is positive *CB
BRA > branch always > branch to given address no matter of acc value, uncoditonal branch
*BR = branch to given address if acc value
CB - conditonal branch
1.2.4 D)
What two components make up machine code instructions
opcode and operand
1.2.4 D)
What is the opcode
Holds the specific instructions to be preformed
1.2.4 D)
What is the operand
holds the value releated to data on which is instruction is run
1.2.4 D)
Whats the advantage of using addressing mode
Whats the disadvantages of using addressing modes
Requires less code: operand address is directly specified in the instruction, Less complex: requires fewer instructions and is generally easier to debug
it is not useful for accessing complex data structures such as arrays and records that are used in high-level languages
1.2.4 D)
Types of addressing modes
immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
indexing addressing
1.2.4 D)
Explain immediate addressing
The operand is the value which the instruction uses
1.2.4 D)
Explain direct addressing
operand gives the address which holds the value
1.2.4 D)
Explain indirect addressing
operand gives the address of a register which holds another address where the data is held
1.2.4 D)
Explain indexed addressing
index register used stores value address of operand determind by adding operand This is
necessary to add an offset in order to access data stored contiguously in mmemory such as in arrays
1.2.4 E)
Objective of oop
attempts to capture or group infomation / data and code into structed items known as objects
1.2.4 E)
what is an object
an object is an instance of a class
object could be anything like a car or a data structure.
Objects interact with eachother through sending and revecing messages
1.2.4 E)
properties of a class
class name
attributes
data types
methods
1.2.4 E)
What a class
A template (1) defining methods and attributes (1)
used to make objects (1).
1.2.4 E)
What are the two main methods
setters and getter
setx() , getx()
1.2.4 E)
What is inheritance and when is it used
sub classes share attributed and methods from superclass.
inheritance is used to share methods and attributes so sub class can add on more attributes and methods for more specialised objects. Makes code reuseable more eff.
Inheritance is when a class takes on the methods (1)
and attributes (1) of a parent class (1).
1.2.4 E)
Properties of class diagram
super/base/parent class , sub/derived class. Arrows point up to class it inheritance from. (inheritates methods + attributed)
1.2.4 E)
What is overriding
occurs automatically when you call a methid from an object that shares the name with method futher up the class tree. For example having getname() in super class and sub, sub overridies and is used. However using super.getname() will get the name from the superclass
1.2.4 E)
What is encapsulation
The bundling of data with the methods that operate on and restrict direct access to it
1.2.4 E)
What is encapsulation used for
to hide the values or internal state of an object preventing direct access by unauthorised parties.
Encapsulated attributes should only be access through method. Makes sure no accidental changes
1.2.4 E)
What is polymorphism
Polymorphism is a property of OOP that means objects can behave differently depending
on their class.
1.2.4 E)
Properties and types of polymorphism
the same method producing different outputs depending on the object involved. There are two categories of polymorphism: overriding and
overloading.
1.2.4 E)
What is overriding in terms in polymorpism (same as in inheritance)
Overriding(dynamic) is redefining a method within a subclass and altering the code so that it functions differently and produces a different output
1.2.4 E)
What is overloading in terms in polymorpism
Overloading (static) is passing in different parameters into a method. Both of these forms of
polymorphism would produce different results which would depend on the scenario.
1.2.4 E)
Advantages of OOP
- High level of reuseability (inheritance + polymorphism)
- classes can be used in multiple projects
- encapsulation makes code reliable by protecting attributes
- advance planning can lead to ^ quality code and fewer vunrabilities
- modular structure easiler to maintain and update
- high level of abstraction. testing . blackbox reuse
1.2.4 E)
Disadvantages of OOP
- Diff style may be hard to pick up
- not suitable for all problems. may be longer and ineff
- unsuitable for smaller problems
