1.2.4 Types of Programming Language

Question 1

1.2.4 A)
What is a program paradigms

Answer 1

Are approaches to using a program language to solve problems.

Question 2

1.2.4 A)
Types of program paradigms

Answer 2

imperative and decleartive

Question 3

1.2.4 A)
What is imperative

Answer 3

Code clearly specify the action to be preformed

Question 4

1.2.4 A)
What is declarative

Answer 4

Focus on declaring the desired result. Details on how its obtained are abstracted from the user

Question 5

1.2.4 A)
Type of imperative

Answer 5

procedual - python
oop

Question 6

1.2.4 A)
Type of declaratuve

Answer 6

functional - reusing func
logic - quries to find problem - sql

Question 7

1.2.4 B)
properites of procedual programming

Answer 7

Easy to implement ,not possible to solve all problems or maybe ineff

Question 8

1.2.4 B)
Four main programming structure

Answer 8

Sequence - execute line by line top to bottom
Selection - Code is run if a specific condition is met
iteration - code is run a # of time or while condtion true
Recursion - Func are expression in terms of themselves until conditions is met known as base case

Question 9

1.2.4 B)
What is procedual programming suited for

Answer 9

is suited to probelsm that can be easly be expressed as a series of instructions

Question 10

1.2.4 C)
What is assembly language

Answer 10

Next level up from machine code low level language converted to machine code using an assembler

Question 11

1.2.4 C)
explain LLL

Answer 11

language based on instruction set of the computer

Question 12

1.2.4 C)
How does AL use mnemonics

Answer 12

uses mnemonics rather then binary easier to use than direct machine code. Mnemoics represent numeric code
Processor specific as it directly interacts with cpu purpose register

Question 13

1.2.4 C)
What is Assembly language used for and why

Answer 13

useful for embedded ssytems as allows for direct interactions with hardware

Question 14

1.2.4 C)
Mnemocs > instructions > functions

Answer 14

AS SLIO HD BBB
ADD > add > adds values @ memory and acc
SUB > subtract > sub value @ memory from acc
STA > store > Value at acc at address
LDA > load > value at mm to acc
INP > input > user input stored to acc
OUT > output > print value at acc
HLT > halt > stops execution
DAT > data > flag w/ label with data is stored
BRZ > branch if 0 > *BR is zero *CB
BRP > branch if + > *BR is positive *CB
BRA > branch always > branch to given address no matter of acc value, uncoditonal branch

*BR = branch to given address if acc value
CB - conditonal branch

Question 15

1.2.4 D)
What two components make up machine code instructions

Answer 15

opcode and operand

Question 16

1.2.4 D)
What is the opcode

Answer 16

Holds the specific instructions to be preformed

Question 17

1.2.4 D)
What is the operand

Answer 17

holds the value releated to data on which is instruction is run

Question 18

1.2.4 D)
Whats the advantage of using addressing mode
Whats the disadvantages of using addressing modes

Answer 18

Requires less code: operand address is directly specified in the instruction, Less complex: requires fewer instructions and is generally easier to debug

it is not useful for accessing complex data structures such as arrays and records that are used in high-level languages

Question 19

1.2.4 D)
Types of addressing modes

Answer 19

immediate addressing
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing
indexing addressing

Question 20

1.2.4 D)
Explain immediate addressing

Answer 20

The operand is the value which the instruction uses

Question 21

1.2.4 D)
Explain direct addressing

Answer 21

operand gives the address which holds the value

Question 22

1.2.4 D)
Explain indirect addressing

Answer 22

operand gives the address of a register which holds another address where the data is held

Question 23

1.2.4 D)
Explain indexed addressing

Answer 23

index register used stores value address of operand determind by adding operand This is
necessary to add an offset in order to access data stored contiguously in mmemory such as in arrays

Question 24

1.2.4 E)
Objective of oop

Answer 24

attempts to capture or group infomation / data and code into structed items known as objects

Question 25

1.2.4 E)
what is an object

Answer 25

an object is an instance of a class
object could be anything like a car or a data structure.
Objects interact with eachother through sending and revecing messages

Question 26

1.2.4 E)
properties of a class

Answer 26

class name
attributes
data types
methods

Question 27

1.2.4 E)
What a class

Answer 27

A template (1) defining methods and attributes (1)
used to make objects (1).

Question 28

1.2.4 E)
What are the two main methods

Answer 28

setters and getter
setx() , getx()

Question 29

1.2.4 E)
What is inheritance and when is it used

Answer 29

sub classes share attributed and methods from superclass.
inheritance is used to share methods and attributes so sub class can add on more attributes and methods for more specialised objects. Makes code reuseable more eff.

Inheritance is when a class takes on the methods (1)
and attributes (1) of a parent class (1).

Question 30

1.2.4 E)
Properties of class diagram

Answer 30

super/base/parent class , sub/derived class. Arrows point up to class it inheritance from. (inheritates methods + attributed)

Question 31

1.2.4 E)
What is overriding

Answer 31

occurs automatically when you call a methid from an object that shares the name with method futher up the class tree. For example having getname() in super class and sub, sub overridies and is used. However using super.getname() will get the name from the superclass

Question 32

1.2.4 E)
What is encapsulation

Answer 32

The bundling of data with the methods that operate on and restrict direct access to it

Question 33

1.2.4 E)
What is encapsulation used for

Answer 33

to hide the values or internal state of an object preventing direct access by unauthorised parties.
Encapsulated attributes should only be access through method. Makes sure no accidental changes

Question 34

1.2.4 E)
What is polymorphism

Answer 34

Polymorphism is a property of OOP that means objects can behave differently depending
on their class.

Question 35

1.2.4 E)
Properties and types of polymorphism

Answer 35

the same method producing different outputs depending on the object involved. There are two categories of polymorphism: overriding and
overloading.

Question 36

1.2.4 E)
What is overriding in terms in polymorpism (same as in inheritance)

Answer 36

Overriding(dynamic) is redefining a method within a subclass and altering the code so that it functions differently and produces a different output

Question 37

1.2.4 E)
What is overloading in terms in polymorpism

Answer 37

Overloading (static) is passing in different parameters into a method. Both of these forms of
polymorphism would produce different results which would depend on the scenario.

Question 38

1.2.4 E)
Advantages of OOP

Answer 38

• High level of reuseability (inheritance + polymorphism)
• classes can be used in multiple projects
• encapsulation makes code reliable by protecting attributes
• advance planning can lead to ^ quality code and fewer vunrabilities
• modular structure easiler to maintain and update
• high level of abstraction. testing . blackbox reuse

Question 39

1.2.4 E)
Disadvantages of OOP

Answer 39

• Diff style may be hard to pick up
• not suitable for all problems. may be longer and ineff
• unsuitable for smaller problems