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Biology-Topic 01: Biological Molecules > 1.23 - Lipids > Flashcards

1.23 - Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

They form a large part of the cell membrane and are used as an energy store

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2
Q

What defines a fat?

A

It is solid at room temperature

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3
Q

What defines an oil?

A

It is liquid at room temperature

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4
Q

What is different between lipids and carbohydrates?

A

Lipids contain far less oxygen

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5
Q

What makes a fatty acid?

A

A hydrocarbon “tail” with a carboxyl group(-COOH) at one end

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6
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid that contains at least one C=C bond

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7
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid that contains no C=C bonds

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8
Q

How is a lipid formed?

A

When a glycerol combines with at least one fatty acid

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9
Q

What bonds join the groups of a lipid?

A

Ester bonds

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10
Q

Where do ester bonds form?

A

Between the carboxyl group(-COOH) of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl(-OH) group of a glycerol

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11
Q

What reaction occurs to form an ester bond?

A

Condensation reaction

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12
Q

How much more energy do lipids store in comparison to carbohydrates?

A

About three times as much

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13
Q

What are some functions of lipids?

A
  • Energy source
  • Flexibility of the plasma membrane
  • Protection
  • Insulation
  • Waterproofing
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14
Q

Why are triglycerides good energy stores?

A

The long hydrocarbon “tails” of the fatty acids contain lots of energy

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15
Q

What is the test for lipids?

A

The emulsion test

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16
Q

Describe the emulsion test

A
  • Shake sample with ethanol until dissolved
  • Pour solution into water
  • Lipids will appear as a milky emulsion
17
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

A glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acids and a phosphate

18
Q

What is important about phospholipids?

A

They contain a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head

19
Q

What is a spherical arrangement of phospholipids called with the fatty acids facing inwards?

A

A micelle

20
Q

How do phospholipids contribute to cell membranes?

A

They form a bilayer that can control what passes through

Biology-Topic 01: Biological Molecules (8 decks)

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