12.3

Question 1

social facilitation

Answer 1

When the mere presence of others enhances performance

Question 2

social loafing

Answer 2

the tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone

Question 3

deindividuation

Answer 3

a state of reduced individuality, reduced self-awareness, and reduced attention to personal standards; usually occurs when people are part of a group.

Question 4

risky-shift effect

Answer 4

accounts for why children in a group may try something dangerous that none of them would have tried alone

Question 5

group polarization

Answer 5

If most group members are somewhat cautious, then the group becomes even more cautious.

Question 6

conformity

Answer 6

the altering of one’s behaviors and opinions to match those of other people’s expectations

Question 7

normative influence

Answer 7

when we go along with the crowd

Question 8

informational influence

Answer 8

we assume the behavior of the crowd represents the correct way to respond.

Question 9

social norms

Answer 9

expected standards of conduct, which influence behavior.

Question 10

compliance

Answer 10

the tendency to agree to do things requested by others