12.2 Psychosis Flashcards
Give examples of some delusions
-someone watching you
-theyre jesus
-have cancer
-no momey
Types of auditory hallucinations
-though echo: hear thoights aloud
-running commentary
-third person
Whats a passivity experience?
Patient believes action/feeling caused by external force
Whats a delusional perception?
Patient attributes new meaning to a normally perceived object, not linked to previous attitudes
What are somatic hallucinations?
Physical body sensations e.g. hamster running around inside them
How do we know dopamine is linked to pyshcotic conditions?
Drugs e,g, amphetamines which cause DA realse = psychotic symptoms
DA antagonists help
What happens to grey matter in schizophrenia?
Reduces
Neuropathology of schizophrenia
Decreazed oligodendroglia
Decreased pre synpatic markers
Less thalamic neurons
How do typical antipsychotics cause side effcets?
Antagonising D2 receptors = extra pyramidal effects, parkinsonism
Side effect of atypical antipsychotics
Weight gain from eating more
Nigrostriatal pathway
Substantia nigra pars compacta to striatum
Catatonia
Untreated schizophrenia, less GABA binding so less inhibition, results in rigidity, wacy flexibility, cant move
How to treat catatonia
High dose benzodiazepines
ECT (only couple sessions needed)
DA antagonists can cause endocrine symtpoms. What are these and why?
Loss of DA inhibition on prolactin rleease from pituitary
-Amenorrhoea
-galactorhhoea
-reduced fertility and libido
-osteopneia/osteoporosis
Challenges of treating people with schizophrenia. How to cope?
-lack insight, might refuse treatment
-may not take meds
-meds given in different ways e,g, depot, orodispersible
-use mental health act
