12.1 Modd Disorders Flashcards
Psychotic symptoms of depression
Voices
Believe things that arent true
Why could depression be life threatening?
Incontinence
Suicide
Not eating or drinking
Staying in bed
Features of mania
-elated mood
-increased energy
-less sleep need
-pressure of speech
-loss of social inhibition
-unsustained attention
-inflated self esteem
-positive osychotic symptoms e.g. fly
-lack insight
Criteria for bipolar affective disorder
2x mania
Or
1x mania, 1x depression
Euthymia
Periods of normal mood in BPAD
Limbic system changes in unipolar depression
Decreased hippocampal volume
Decrease cerebral blood flow and metabolsim in amygdala
Limbic system changes in BPAD
increased amygdala actuvation in mania
ltered amygdala volume
Frontal lobe changes in unipolar depression
Decreased activity in dosrolateral PFC
Decreased volume of orbitofrontal PFC
Frontal lobe changes in BPAD
Reduced dorsolateral PFC activation
Basal ganglia in unipolar depression
Decreased volume
Reduced activation between striatum, amygdala and PFC
Basal ganglia changes in BPAD
Functional changes in striatum
Monoamine hypothesis
Depressive disorder due to abnormality in availability of NA/serotonin or receptors not working
Do antidepressants work for mild depression
No
How long to take SSRIs based on episodes of depression
1 episode: 1 year
2 episodes: 2 years
3 or more: longer
Why do we tell patients itll take 4-6 weeks for SSRISs to have an effect?
Mood is the last thing to improve, which takes up to 4-6 weeks. Other symptoms may improve earlier (2-3 days) but patient will most notice mood
