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OCR Computer Science > 1.2.2 Applications Software > Flashcards

1.2.2 Applications Software Flashcards

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1
Q

How is applications software different to systems software?

A

Application software is utilised directly by the user
Systems software ensures the high performance of the computer

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2
Q

Give 5 examples of utilities.

A

Compression
Disk defragmentation
Antivirus
Automatic backup
Automatic updating

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3
Q

What is closed source software?

A

Software with source code that cannot be accessed by the public

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4
Q

Give 3 advantages of using closed source software.

A

Regular, tested updates
Expert support & user manuals
High levels of security

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5
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of using closed source software.

A

Often requires purchase of license
User cannot modify to their needs

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6
Q

What is open source software?

A

Software with source code that can be used, changed and distributed by its users

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7
Q

How is open source software often developed?

A

In a collaborative & public manner

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8
Q

Give 3 advantages of using open source software.

A

Doesn’t require purchase of license
User can modify to their needs
Community of developers adapting and debugging code

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9
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of using open source software.

A

No support
Compatibility issues with other software

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10
Q

What is compiled code?

A

Code that is generally compiled and not interpreted

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11
Q

What is interpreted code?

A

Code that is generally interpreted without compiling a program into machine instructions

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12
Q

Give two advantages of using compiled code over interpreted code.

A

Faster execution
Does not require compiler

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13
Q

Give two advantages of using interpreted code over compiled code.

A

Runs without time waiting for compilation
Useful for debugging

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14
Q

What is assembly language?

A

A low level language with a near one-to-one relationship with machine code
Platform specific

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15
Q

What is a low level language?

A

Languages close to actual machine instructions that aren’t human-readable

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16
Q

Give 2 examples of low level language.

A

Machine code
Assembly language

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17
Q

What is a high level language?

A

Languages used by programmers closer to human language than machine

18
Q

What is object code?

A

Machine code that computers can execute within the complete program

19
Q

What is machine code?

A

Binary code that can be executed directly by the CPU

20
Q

What is source code?

A

Human-readable text that guides a programs execution and is written in programming language

21
Q

Name 3 types of translator.

A

Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler

22
Q

What is the function of a compiler?

A

Convert high level language input into a lower level language at once

23
Q

What are the stages of compilation?

A

Lexical analysis
Syntax analysis
Code generation
Optimisation

24
Q

What happens during lexical analysis?

A

Input is read character by character Characters grouped into tokens

25
Q

What happens during syntax analysis?

A

Tokens are compared to rules of programming language
Syntax errors are identified
Symbol table updated with details
Semantic analysis (logic errors)

26
Q

What happens during code generation?

A

Machine-readable object code or executable file generated

27
Q

What is the purpose of optimisation?

A

Reduce execution time
Reduce inefficient sections of code
Remove redundant code

28
Q

What is the function of an interpreter?

A

Convert high level language input into a lower level language line by line

29
Q

Give two disadvantage of using an interpreter.

A

Successful execution takes longer to complete
Source code is needed every time

30
Q

How does an interpreter handle errors?

A

Stops execution until error on line is resolved

31
Q

What is the function of an assembler?

A

Convert programs written in assembly language into machine code

32
Q

What is the function of a linker?

A

Link external modules/libraries to main program

33
Q

Name the types of linkers.

A

Static
Dynamic

34
Q

How does a static linker work?

A

Copies library code into file with compilation

35
Q

How does a dynamic linker work?

A

Address of libraries included within file

36
Q

Give two advantages of using dynamic over static linkers.

A

Doesn’t increase file size
External automatically feed through to main program

37
Q

Give two advantages of using static over dynamic linkers.

A

Faster execution
Doesn’t require external library

38
Q

What is a library?

A

Collection of pre-written code & subroutines

39
Q

Give three advantages of using libraries.

A

Error free
Save time
Re-usable

40
Q

What is the function of a loader?

A

Retrieves the library or subroutine from given memory location

OCR Computer Science (29 decks)

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