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A Level Computer Science Paper 1 > 1.2.2 Applications Generation > Flashcards

1.2.2 Applications Generation Flashcards

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1
Q

Applications software

A

Designed to be used by the end user to complete one specific task

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2
Q

4 types of application software

A

Off the shelf, bespoke, proprietary and open source

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3
Q

Database management software

A

Used to manage data in a database without having to access the database manually

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4
Q

Off the shelf software

A

Ready made software available for anyone to purchase

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5
Q

Bespoke software

A

Software that is custom created for a specific user

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6
Q

Open source software

A

Allows anyone to access the source code
Open source licenced but free to use
Anyone can sell a modified version but the owner has to accept changes to the source code

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7
Q

Open source advantages and disadvantages

A

+ free licence, people collaborate to improve it, new versions need the same licences
- can’t make money, support must be paid for

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8
Q

Closed source/ proprietary software

A

Does not allow access to the store code, users must pay the company for the licence to use the software. There are restrictions on how it can be used

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9
Q

Proprietary advantages and disadvantages

A

+ Support is usually free, can be free, free updates

- Source code not easily available, cannot be altered/shared

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10
Q

Freeware

A

Software is free to use but source code is unavailable

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11
Q

Systems software

A

Low-level software responsible for running the computer system smoothly, providing a platform for applications software

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12
Q

Examples of systems software

A

Operating systems, utility programs, library programs, translators

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13
Q

Disk defragmenter

A

Rearranges your data so that it is stored contiguously

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14
Q

Automatic backup

A

Stores your data in servers elsewhere in case of an issue. Automatic so you don’t forget to do it

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15
Q

Automatic updating

A

Upgrades the system software to upgrade performance and removes bugs without us remembering to do it

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16
Q

Virus checking

A

Uses firewalls to stop viruses getting onto devices and anti-malware to fix them, minimises risk of viruses affecting you

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17
Q

Compression software

A

Stores the data in a smaller area, allowing you to store more data and instructions.

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18
Q

File manager

A

Allows the users to move/view/rename/open their files

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19
Q

Low Level Language

A

e.g. machine code (made up of operand and opcode) - first generation language
assembly code (opcode replaced with mnemonic ) - second generation language
Used in embedded systems/mobile phones

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20
Q

Low Level Language advantages and disadvantages

A

+ fast, uses little space, manipulates individual data

- hardware specific

21
Q

High Level Language

A

Appear similar to English

One instruction is the equivalent to many in assembly code

22
Q

What are compilers, assemblers and interpreters?

A

A type of translator (convert to machine code so it can be executed)

23
Q

Assemblers

A

Translate from assembly language to machine code

Each line of assembly code is a line of machine code

24
Q

Assemblers advantages and disadvantages

A

+ checks for errors for you

- particular to the computer hardware

25
Q

Source program

A

The program written by the user in assembly code

26
Q

Object code

A

The machine code created by the translator

27
Q

Compiler

A

Converts source code to machine code in a .exe file

28
Q

Compiler advantages and disadvantages

A

+ the exe file can be saved separately and run whenever, checks for errors multiple times, object code executes faster
- takes longer to compile initially, different needed for different hardware platforms, all must be recompiled if changes need to be made

29
Q

Interpreters

A

Compile into machine code one line at a time

Checks each line for errors individually before compiling

30
Q

Interpreters advantages and disadvantages

A

+ locates errors, doesn’t look at the whole program for each line, more portable across platforms
- doesn’t produce object code so needs interpreting for every run

31
Q

Byte Code

A

Intermediate between compiling and interpreting
Used by most interpreted languages, doesn’t interpret one line at a time
Done so that it can be interpreted to different computer architecture

32
Q

3 stages of compilation

A

Lexical analysis
Syntax analysis
Code generation

33
Q

Lexical Analysis

A

Takes the source program, removes comments and whitespace and replaces symbols with tokens of the type e.g. operator, variable
Variable names are stored for later use
Stored in a symbol table

34
Q

Syntax Analysis

A

Tokens checked to see if the order makes sense
Syntax errors are flagged and an abstract syntax tree is produced
Expresses in binary to check

35
Q

Code Generation

A

Code is actually converted into machine code from the abstract syntax tree
Each high-level function creates many low-level
Code can be optimised e.g. smallest size/ optimised performance

36
Q

Semantics

A

About the meanings

37
Q

Syntax

A

About the structure

38
Q

Parsing

A

Made up of syntax and syntactic analysis

Analyses a string of symbols to check it conforms to rules

39
Q

Semantic Parsing

A

The meaning and implications are determined and necessary actions taken
Semantic analysis is done after to gain the meaning

40
Q

Libraries

A

Sets of compiled and compiled functions in a language, can be called within a program
+ save time, cover complex areas, can be used in many languages

41
Q

Linker

A

Needs to put the appropriate memory addresses in place so that the program can return and call from a library function

42
Q

Loader

A

Copies the program and any linked subroutines into main memory to run
The code can assume the program in memory address 0
The loader needs to relocate the memory addresses so that it knows where to go to call functions

43
Q

Full backup

A

Every file is copied to an alternative storage device

44
Q

Incremental backup

A

Only the files that have changes since the last backup are copied

45
Q

Utility software

A

Has a specific function linked to the maintenance of the OS

46
Q

Static

A

Modules and libraries are added directly into the main file, increasing their size

47
Q

Dynamic

A

Addresses of modules and libraries are included in the file. Files remain small and external updates feed through to the main file

48
Q

Examples of utility software

A

Encryption, compression, backup

A Level Computer Science Paper 1 (23 decks)

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