1.2.2

Question 1

Applications Software

Answer 1

Used by the end-user to perform one specific task

Question 2

Systems Software

Answer 2

Manages computer resources to ensure consistent high performance

Question 3

Utilities

Answer 3

Each utility has a specific function to help keep the operating system’s performance high

• Anti-virus programs
• Disk Defragmentation
• Compression
• File Managers
• Backup Utilities

Question 4

Anti-virus Programs

Answer 4

Detect and remove viruses

Question 5

Disk Defragmentation

Answer 5

Groups all parts of each file together so they can be read in one go
reducing time a computer takes to load them

Question 6

Compression

Answer 6

Reduce the amount of space that data takes up in storage

Question 7

File Manager

Answer 7

These allow files and directories to be moved , copied , deleted and re-named

Question 8

Backup Utilities

Answer 8

These allow backups to be automatically made out of specified data such as :
- where the user wants to store the backup
- what the user wants to backup

Question 9

Open Source

Answer 9

Software that is available to anyone and can be used without a license

Question 10

Open Source (P+C)

Answer 10

Software can be modified by developers and sold on for a profit
Improved by community effort

Low security
Inadequate support available

Question 11

Closed Source

Answer 11

Users must own a license to use it and restrictions are present on how the user can use it

Question 12

Closed Source (P+C)

Answer 12

Regular updates
High levels of security
Expert support

User cannot modify or improve code
User must pay to have access

Question 13

Translators

Answer 13

A program that converts source code into object code . There are 3 types :

• Compiler
• Assembler
• Interpreter

Question 14

Compiler

Answer 14

Translates high-level code into machine code all at once

Question 15

Assembler

Answer 15

Translate assembly code into machine code

Question 16

Interpreter

Answer 16

Translate and execute code line-by-line

Useful for testing code
Slower than running compiled code

Question 17

Lexical Analysis

Answer 17

White space and comments are removed
Keywords and identifiers are replaced with tokens

Question 18

Syntax Analysis

Answer 18

Tokens are analysed against rules of the programming language
Abstract syntax tree is produced

Question 19

Code generation

Answer 19

Abstract syntax tree used to produce machine code

Question 20

Optimisation

Answer 20

Aims to reduce execution time by removing redundant parts of code

A very time-consuming state

Question 21

Linkers

Answer 21

Software that links external modules and libraries included within the code

Question 22

Loaders

Answer 22

Fetches the library/module from the given memory location

Question 23

Libraries

Answer 23

Often code to perform complex tasks has already been written and packaged as a library

Save developer time from rewriting code
Already tested