12.1 Animal and plant pathogens Flashcards
how can bacteria be classified
basic shape
cell wall; under microscope gram +ve = blue and gram -ve = red
are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes
prokaryotes the have no membrane bound organelles
what diseases so bacteria cause
tuberculosis, cholera and ring rot
what are viruses structure like
the don’t have a cell structure so can’t respite or produce ATP
how do viruses cause
they cause HIV/AIDS influenza and TMV
what are viruses size like compared to bacteria
around 50x smaller
what type of viruses attack bacteria
bacteriophages
what are protoctistas like
unicellular eukaryotes
what do protoista cause
some act as pathogen most act as parasites and need animals or people as their host and may need vectors to transfer
what do protoctista cause
malaria and late blight
what are fungi cells like and what are hyphae
eukaryotic cells within cells walls with large vacuoles but don’t have separate cells instead have filaments called hyphae which form a network and spread through soil/host
how do fungi get energy
as they cant photosynthesise they are saprophytes and the digest food externally and feed of dead and decaying matter
what do fungi cause
athletes foot, ring worm and black sigatoka
how do viruses damage host cells directly
they take over the cell metabolism, genetic material gets into host cell and is inserted into the host DNA then uses host cell to make new virus which then bursts out of the cell destroying it and spreads to infect others
how do protista directly damage host cells
some take over cells and break them open as a new generation emerge but don’t take over genetic material of a cell just digest it and use its contents to reproduce
how do fungi damage host cells directly
they digest living cells and destroy them,this and the response of the body to damage gives the symptoms of disease
how do bacteria produce toxins with damage host tissues
most bacteria produce toxins which damage/destroy host cells causing disease, the take over host cells by breaking down membranes/damage enzymes so the cell can’t divide
how do bacteria produce toxins
they are a by-product of bacteria’s normal function
how do fungi produce toxins which damage host tissues
some fungi produce toxins that affect the host cells and cause disease
