12.1

Question 1

central dogma

Answer 1

DNA –> RNA (transcription) RNA Synthesis
RNA–> Protein (translation) protein synthesis

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

a discrete nucleotide sequence on a chromosome that codes for an RNA or protein

Question 3

types of RNA

Answer 3

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
Micro-RNA (miRNA)

Question 4

messeneger RNA

Answer 4

mRNA- codes for proteins

Question 5

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 5

rRNA- components of ribosome catalyze protein synthesis

Question 6

transfer RNA

Answer 6

tRNA-adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

Question 7

Small-nuclear RNA

Answer 7

snRNA- pre-mRNA splicing

Question 8

micro-RNA

Answer 8

miRNA-regulates of gene expression

Question 9

RNA polymerase

Answer 9

-enzyme of synthesis
-makes a single stranded RNA copy of template DNA strand
-synthesis 5’ to 3’ direction
-doesnt need a primer
-must be position on promoter sequence upstream of gene to be transcribed
-synthesis begins at transcription start site