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T3 resp system > 1.2 Upper airways anatomy ppt > Flashcards

1.2 Upper airways anatomy ppt Flashcards

1
Q

functions of nose ?

A
  • olfaction
  • respiration
  • filter and humidify
  • drain & eliminate paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct secretions
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2
Q

How much mucus does your nose produce every day ?

A

1.5 litres (1 to 2 litres)

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3
Q

what are choanae ?

A

the posterior nasal aperture

It is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.

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4
Q

External opening of the nasal cavity called ?

A

nostrils

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5
Q

what are the internal openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx called ?

A

choanae

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6
Q

what part of the nasal cavity is lined with mucosal lining ?

A

entire nasal cavity, except for the vestibule, is lined with mucosal lining

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7
Q

what is the function of the mucosal lining in the nasal cavity ?

A

helps to trap dust, pathogens and other particles, humidify and warm the air and facilitate the sense of smell

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8
Q

what part of the nasal cavity is not covered by the mucosal lining ?

A

the vestibule, which is the anterior part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils

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9
Q

Lateral wall of the nasal cavity consists of ?

A
  • turbinates (conchae)
  • meati
  • ostia (openings into nasal cavity)
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10
Q

Function of the turbinates

A
  • increase surface area - slows air for humidifying and warming
  • increase turbulence
  • directs air through nose
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11
Q

passages ?

A
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12
Q

turbinates removed ?

A
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13
Q

respiratory region of epithelium ?

A
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14
Q

olfactory region epithelium ?

A
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15
Q

what are paranasal sinuses ?

A
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16
Q

which paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity ?

A
  • maxillary
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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17
Q

function of paranasal sinuses ?

A
  • may contribute to conditioning of inspired air
  • resonance
  • reduce weight of skull
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18
Q

maxillary sinus drains into ?

A

middle meatus

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19
Q

frontal sinus drains into ?

A

middle meatus

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20
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into ?

A

spheno-ethmoidal recess

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21
Q

the following ethmoids sinus drains into ?
1. anterior
2. middle
3. posterior

A
  1. middle meatus
  2. middle meatus
  3. superior meatus
22
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into ?

A

inferior meatus

23
Q

Functions of larynx ?

A
  • sphincter (like a vallve ??) for LRT
  • respiration
  • mechanism for producing sound (phonation)
  • swallowing
  • effort closure
24
Q

larynx 1. suspended from where ? 2. attached to ?

A
  1. hyoid bone
  2. trachea below by membranes & ligaments
25
Q
  1. mvmt ability of larynx in neck ?
  2. therefore what?
A
  1. highly mobile
  2. can be moved up and down and forward and backward by the action of extrinsic muscles
26
Q

during swallowing, the upward and forward movements of the larynx facilitate what ?

A

closing the laryngeal inlet and opening the oesophagus

27
Q

motor and sensory innervation of the larynx ?

A

vagus nerve CN X

28
Q
  1. Type of strucutre of larynx ?
  2. what does this structure have ?
A
  1. Hollow musculoligamentous
  2. a cartilage framework that caps the lower respiratory tract
29
Q

Regarding anatomy of larynx what is above it ?

A

superior laryngeal aperture which opens into the laryngopharynx (just inferior to the tongue)

30
Q

regarding anatomy of larynx what is below it ?

A

continous with trachea

31
Q

anatomical components of larynx:

3 large unpaired cartilages

A
  • cricoid
  • thyroid
  • epiglottis
32
Q

anatomical components of larynx:

3 pairs of smaller cartilages

A
  • arytenoid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
33
Q

anatomical components of larynx:
has what membrane and muscles ? [chang question !]

A

fibroelastic membrane
numerous intrinsic muscles

34
Q
  1. What do true vocal cords (vocal cord) consist of ?
  2. where do they sit ?
A
  1. vocal ligaments and elastic membrane
  2. between ligaments and cricoid cartilage
35
Q
  1. what are false vocal cords (vestibular fold) not responsible for ?
  2. located where ?
A
  1. sound
  2. superior and lateral to the true cords
36
Q

blood supply to larynx ?

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

37
Q

venous drainage of larynx ?

A
  • superior and inferior laryngeal veins
  • to thryoid veins
  • IJV (internal jugular vein) and brachiocephalic vein
38
Q

nerves of the larynx ?

A

2 branches of the vagus nerve
* superior & recurrent laryngeal nerves

39
Q

Position of recurrent laryngeal nerve in right & left side ?

A
  • right - under right subclavian artery
  • left - under aortic arch
40
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in what groove ? [change question !]

A

tracheo-oesophageal groove

41
Q

3 sections pharynx is divided into ?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
42
Q

main anatomical structures of pharynx ?

A
  • Adenoids (nasopharynx)
  • Eustachian tube orifices (nasopharynx)
  • Tonsils (oropharynx)
  • Constrictor muscles
43
Q

nasopharynx …

A
44
Q

what are waldeyers ring in the nasopharynx?

A

A collective form a of tonsils in a ringed arrangement

45
Q

oropharynx epithelium ?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

46
Q

laryngo (hypo) pharynx …

A
47
Q

what is the piriform fossa as a recess ?

A

recess between central larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage

48
Q

what do piriform fossa channel ?

A

solids/liquids from oral cavity round raised laryngeal inlet into oesophagus

49
Q

3 stages of swallowing ?

A
  • Oral (voluntary)
  • Pharyngeal (involuntary/reflex)
  • Oesophageal (involuntary/reflex)
50
Q

during swallowing what happens ?

A
  • Soft palate raised (nasopharynx closed off and eustachian tube opens)
  • Tongue blocks off mouth
  • Hyoid bone and larynx raised
  • Epiglottis down
  • Vocal cords close
  • Larynx protected by: Overhanging tongue, Epiglottis, Vocal cords
51
Q

why can you not breathe and swallow at same time ?

A

airway is closed at 2 sites

T3 resp system (12 decks)

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