1.2 Upper airways anatomy ppt Flashcards
functions of nose ?
- olfaction
- respiration
- filter and humidify
- drain & eliminate paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct secretions
How much mucus does your nose produce every day ?
1.5 litres (1 to 2 litres)
what are choanae ?
the posterior nasal aperture
It is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.
External opening of the nasal cavity called ?
nostrils
what are the internal openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx called ?
choanae
what part of the nasal cavity is lined with mucosal lining ?
entire nasal cavity, except for the vestibule, is lined with mucosal lining
what is the function of the mucosal lining in the nasal cavity ?
helps to trap dust, pathogens and other particles, humidify and warm the air and facilitate the sense of smell
what part of the nasal cavity is not covered by the mucosal lining ?
the vestibule, which is the anterior part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity consists of ?
- turbinates (conchae)
- meati
- ostia (openings into nasal cavity)
Function of the turbinates
- increase surface area - slows air for humidifying and warming
- increase turbulence
- directs air through nose
passages ?
turbinates removed ?
respiratory region of epithelium ?
olfactory region epithelium ?
what are paranasal sinuses ?
which paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity ?
- maxillary
- frontal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
function of paranasal sinuses ?
- may contribute to conditioning of inspired air
- resonance
- reduce weight of skull
maxillary sinus drains into ?
middle meatus
frontal sinus drains into ?
middle meatus
sphenoid sinus drains into ?
spheno-ethmoidal recess
the following ethmoids sinus drains into ?
1. anterior
2. middle
3. posterior
- middle meatus
- middle meatus
- superior meatus
nasolacrimal duct drains into ?
inferior meatus
Functions of larynx ?
- sphincter (like a vallve ??) for LRT
- respiration
- mechanism for producing sound (phonation)
- swallowing
- effort closure
larynx 1. suspended from where ? 2. attached to ?
- hyoid bone
- trachea below by membranes & ligaments
- mvmt ability of larynx in neck ?
- therefore what?
- highly mobile
- can be moved up and down and forward and backward by the action of extrinsic muscles
during swallowing, the upward and forward movements of the larynx facilitate what ?
closing the laryngeal inlet and opening the oesophagus
motor and sensory innervation of the larynx ?
vagus nerve CN X
- Type of strucutre of larynx ?
- what does this structure have ?
- Hollow musculoligamentous
- a cartilage framework that caps the lower respiratory tract
Regarding anatomy of larynx what is above it ?
superior laryngeal aperture which opens into the laryngopharynx (just inferior to the tongue)
regarding anatomy of larynx what is below it ?
continous with trachea
anatomical components of larynx:
3 large unpaired cartilages
- cricoid
- thyroid
- epiglottis
anatomical components of larynx:
3 pairs of smaller cartilages
- arytenoid
- corniculate
- cuneiform
anatomical components of larynx:
has what membrane and muscles ? [chang question !]
fibroelastic membrane
numerous intrinsic muscles
- What do true vocal cords (vocal cord) consist of ?
- where do they sit ?
- vocal ligaments and elastic membrane
- between ligaments and cricoid cartilage
- what are false vocal cords (vestibular fold) not responsible for ?
- located where ?
- sound
- superior and lateral to the true cords
blood supply to larynx ?
superior and inferior laryngeal arteries
venous drainage of larynx ?
- superior and inferior laryngeal veins
- to thryoid veins
- IJV (internal jugular vein) and brachiocephalic vein
nerves of the larynx ?
2 branches of the vagus nerve
* superior & recurrent laryngeal nerves
Position of recurrent laryngeal nerve in right & left side ?
- right - under right subclavian artery
- left - under aortic arch
Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in what groove ? [change question !]
tracheo-oesophageal groove
3 sections pharynx is divided into ?
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
main anatomical structures of pharynx ?
- Adenoids (nasopharynx)
- Eustachian tube orifices (nasopharynx)
- Tonsils (oropharynx)
- Constrictor muscles
nasopharynx …
what are waldeyers ring in the nasopharynx?
A collective form a of tonsils in a ringed arrangement
oropharynx epithelium ?
stratified squamous epithelium
laryngo (hypo) pharynx …
what is the piriform fossa as a recess ?
recess between central larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage
what do piriform fossa channel ?
solids/liquids from oral cavity round raised laryngeal inlet into oesophagus
3 stages of swallowing ?
- Oral (voluntary)
- Pharyngeal (involuntary/reflex)
- Oesophageal (involuntary/reflex)
during swallowing what happens ?
- Soft palate raised (nasopharynx closed off and eustachian tube opens)
- Tongue blocks off mouth
- Hyoid bone and larynx raised
- Epiglottis down
- Vocal cords close
- Larynx protected by: Overhanging tongue, Epiglottis, Vocal cords
why can you not breathe and swallow at same time ?
airway is closed at 2 sites
