12. Social Development Flashcards
Attachment
The long-lasting emotional bonds that infants develop toward their principal caregivers. More broadly, the long-lasting emotional bonds that any individual develops toward any other individual or object.
secure attachment
Optimal type of attachment in which infants display confidence when their caregivers are present, show mild distress when temporarily left alone, and quickly reestablish contact with caregivers upon their return.
Strange-situation test
A test of an infant’s attachment to a particular familiar person, in which the infant’s behavior is observed in an unfamiliar room while the familiar person and a stranger move in and out of the room in a preplanned way.
insecure-resistant attachment
A style of attachment in which infants stay very close to their caregivers and tend not to explore much. They become distressed when their caregivers leave them temporarily, but display anger and initial rejection of contact when they return
insecure-avoidant attachment
A style of attachment in which infants show little distress when their caregivers depart temporarily, avoid contact with them when they return, and usually do not show wariness of strangers
disorganized/disoriented attachment
Attachment style in which infants seek to be close to their caregivers in inconsistent ways, often showing patterns typical of secure, avoidant, and/or resistant attachment simultaneously.
prosocial behavior
Voluntary behavior intended to benefit other people.
overimitation
Copying all actions of a model, even those that are irrelevant to achieving a goal
parenting styles
The general ways in which parents interact with their children
gender identity
A person’s subjective sense of being male or female
emerging adulthood
Period of transition from adolescence to young adulthood (approximately from ages 18 to 25 years)
