1.2 Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the correct passage of air

Answer 1

Nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli

Question 2

What muscles are used at rest during inspiration

Answer 2

Diaphragm
External intercostals

Question 3

What muscles are used at rest during expiration

Answer 3

Passive:Diaphragm and intercostals relax

Question 4

What muscles are used during exercise in inspiration

Answer 4

Diaphragm
External inter coastal
Sterneocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis major

Question 5

What muscles are used in expiration during exercise

Answer 5

Internal intercostals

Question 6

How does air move in inspiration at rest

Answer 6

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.Chest cavity/thorax volume increases reducing pressure in the chest.The air moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration by diffusion

Question 7

How is inspiration achieved during exercise

Answer 7

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract with added help from other muscles.Added contraction increases pressure gradient so more air moves from high concentration to low concentration via diffusion

Question 8

How is expiration achieved at rest

Answer 8

Intercostal and diaphragm relaxes,air moves out of lungs

Question 9

How is expiration achieved during exercise

Answer 9

Assisted by internal intercoastal muscles and abdominals contracting,reduces size of chest so more air leaves via diffusion

Question 10

What is tidal volume and does it increase or decrease during exercise

Answer 10

The amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath,increase

Question 11

What is expiratory reserve volume and does it increase or decrease during exercise

Answer 11

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal breath,decrease

Question 12

What is inspiration reserve volume and does it increase or decrease during exercise

Answer 12

The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal breath,slight decrease

Question 13

What is residual volume and does it increase or decrease during exercise

Answer 13

Volume of air in lungs after max expiration,stays the same

Question 14

What is minute ventilation and does it increase or decrease during exercise

Answer 14

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute,Big increase

Question 15

What are Cilia

Answer 15

Microscopic hair like projections that help to sleepaway fluids and particles

Question 16

What are Cilia

Answer 16

Microscopic hair like projections that help to sleepaway fluids and particles

Question 17

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 17

A chronic debilitating disease,The name for a collection of diseases such as emphysema.The main cause of emphysema is smoking.This disease is long term and causes shortness of breath

Question 18

What is the trachea

Answer 18

A long pipe like structure

Question 19

What is the trachea

Answer 19

A long pipe like structure

Question 20

What is the membrane on the surface of the stomach

Answer 20

Visceral Pluera

Question 21

How do you prevent emphysema

Answer 21

Not smoking

Question 22

What are the partial pressures in the Alveoli

Answer 22

PO2=104mm Hg
PCO2=40mm Hg

Question 23

What are the partial pressures in the capillaries

Answer 23

pO2=40mm Hg
PCo2=46mm Hg

Question 24

What three factors are involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise

Answer 24

Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control

Question 25

What does Neural control involve

Answer 25

The brain and the nervous system

Question 26

What does Neural control involve

Answer 26

The brain and the nervous system

Question 27

What does chemical control do

Answer 27

It’s concerned with blood acidity,When blood acidity is high the brain is informed and it sends signals to increase breathing

Question 28

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 28

Breathing

Question 29

What factors control breathing

Answer 29

Chemoreceptors Proprioceptors Baroreceptors

Question 30

How is anticipatory rise achieved

Answer 30

The brain sends impulses to the renal glands which respond and pump adrenaline into the blood

Question 31

What are the consequences of smoking

Answer 31

Irritation of Trachea and Bronchi Damage to cell lining Damage to Alveoli Increased risk of COPD Affects oxygen transport

Question 32

Where is the respiratory centre

Answer 32

The medulla oblongata

Question 33

Role of respiratory system

Answer 33

Control rate and depth of breathing using neural and chemical control

Question 34

Role of inspiratory centre

Answer 34

Exhalation and inhalation

Question 35

Role of expiratory centre

Answer 35

Stimulate expiratory muscles during exercise

Question 36

Process of respiratory system increasing breathing rate (chemoreceptors)

Answer 36

-Blood acidity will increase due to increase in plasma,CO2 and Lactic acid -Detected by chemoreceptors -Send impulses to inspiratory centre to increase ventilation until acidity returned to mormal

Question 37

How does blood acidity return to normal

Answer 37

Respiratory centre sends impulses down the phrenic nerve.This stimulates more inspiratory muscles to be used as a result rate,depth and rhythm of breathing increases

Question 38

How does blood acidity return to normal

Answer 38

Respiratory centre sends impulses down the phrenic nerve.This stimulates more inspiratory muscles to be used as a result rate,depth and rhythm of breathing increases

Question 39

What do stretch receptors do

Answer 39

Prevent over inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to the expiratory centre and then down the intercostal nerve to the expiratory muscles

Question 40

What do stretch receptors do

Answer 40

Prevent over inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to the expiratory centre and then down the intercostal nerve to the expiratory muscles

Question 41

What are the effects of an increased activity level on the respiratory system

Answer 41

Increased number of capillaries Increased surface area of alveoli Increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles