1.2 - PressureRelease (Kashmir) - Saira

Question 1

What does PAR stand for?

Answer 1

The Pressure and Release Model

Question 2

What contributes to vulnerability in a tectonic hazard?

Answer 2

Unsafe conditions (buildings), dynamic pressures (urbanisation) & root causes (political/social structures)

Question 3

What increases the risk of a hazardous event?

Answer 3

Magnitude, frequency, time & variety

Question 4

Dynamic pressures are measured on what scale?

Answer 4

Regional

Question 5

Unsafe conditions are measured on what scale?

Answer 5

Local

Question 6

Root causes are measured on what scale?

Answer 6

National/global

Question 7

Why was Kashmir’s EQ attributed to the vulnerability due to nature?

Answer 7

Remote mountainous terrain, high moment magnitude, weather and soil conditions, river floodplains and flat land (natural advantage)

Question 8

Name some of the unsafe conditions for Kashmir

Answer 8

Poor building practices, houses built on undesirable (steep) land, loss of traditional skills (Dhajji Dewari buildings), shortage of timber, road blockages due to landslides

Question 9

Name some dynamic pressures for Kashmir

Answer 9

High agricultural dependency (more labourers), deforestation due to corrupt practice, pop growth -> increase in resource demand,

Question 10

Name some root causes for Kashmir

Answer 10

Pakistani gvt encouraged work force to emigrate (attract foreign currency remittances), strained relations w/Indian gvt = less aid (helicopters), Pak economic focus not on aseismic construction

Question 11

Factors increasing pressure

Answer 11

Remoteness and mountainous conditions, poverty, largely agricultural, political tension

Question 12

Factors releasing pressure

Answer 12

Ramadan (good intentioners sending help), Dhajji homes, less energy (1/6 released)