1.2-Performance characteristics of polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Granules (stock form)

A

a small particle of plastic

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2
Q

Sheet (stock form)

A

Large, flat sections of polymer in varying thickness

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3
Q

Film (stock form)

A

Very thin sheet polymer

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4
Q

Rods and other extruded forms, tubes, bars

A
  • Rods and extruded forms can be a specific designed shape
  • Bar- sold form, square or round
  • Tube- hollow cross section, square, rectangular or round
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5
Q

Foam (stock form)

A

Solid form made by including air or other gases, such as styrofoam from expanded polystyrene

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6
Q

Powder (stock form)

A

Very fine granule of powder

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7
Q

Characteristics of polymers

A
  • majority of polymers made via fractional distillation of crude oil (non renewable resource)
  • synthetic polymers made from crude oil and take ages to degrade
  • polymers are ‘self finishing’ (can be pigmented during manufacture process for colour)
  • can be split into three types- thermoplastics, thermoset polymer and elastomer
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8
Q

What are thermoplastics

A

material that can be reheated and reshaped repeatedly, allowing it to be recycled after its initial use

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9
Q

What is a thermoset polymer

A

a material that, when heated, undergoes a chemical change where the molecules form rigid cross links
-cannot be reheated and reshaped

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10
Q

What is an elastomer

A

a material that, at room temperature, can be deformed under pressure
-upon release of pressure, it will return to its original shape

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11
Q

Thermoplastics- Low density polyethelence (LDPE)- properties and characteristics

A
  • tough, good chemical resistance, weather proof, available in translucent
  • squeezy detergent bottles, toys, bin liners, food trays
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12
Q

Thermoplastics- High density polyethelence (HDPE)- properties and characteristics

A
  • available in translucent form, weather proof, tough, good chemical resistance
  • chemical drums, jerry cans, toys, bowls
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13
Q

Thermoplastics- Polypropylene (PP)- properties and characteristics

A
  • available in translucent, good chemical resistance, tough, good hinge property
  • rope, folders, folio cases
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14
Q

Thermoplastics- High impact polystyrene (HIPS)- properties and characteristics

A
  • hard, rigid, available in translucent, tough

- yoghurt pots, refrigerator linings, single use drinks cups

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15
Q

Thermoplastics- Acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS)- properties and characteristics

A
  • tough, hard, available in opaque

- telephone handsets, rigid luggae, domestic appliances, calculator cases

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16
Q

Thermoplastics- Polymethacrylate (PMMA)- properties and characteristics

A
  • tough, hard, good chemical resistance, available in translucent
  • car light castings, CNC laser cut items, baths
17
Q

Thermoplastics- Nylon- properties and characteristics

A
  • tough, corrosion resistant, good tempertaure resistant

- bearings, gears, curtain rails, cable ties

18
Q

Thermoplastics- Rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)- properties and characteristics

A
  • rigid, opaque, tough, hard, good weathering resistence, good chemical resistance
  • window frames, external foors, guttering and downpupes for buildings
19
Q

Thermoplastics- Flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC)- properties and characteristics

A
  • available in translucent, tough, flexible, good weathering resistance
  • hose pipes, cable insulation, medical grade tubing, seat coverings
20
Q

Thermoset polymers- Urea formaldehyde (UF)- properties and uses

A
  • hard, heat resistant, good electrical insulator

- electrical fittings, adhesives

21
Q

Thermoset polymers- Melamine formaldehyde (MF)- properties and uses

A
  • hard, opaque, tough, heat resistant, food safe

- decorative laminates, picnic ware

22
Q

Thermoset polymers- Polyester resin- properties and uses

A
  • rigid, heat and chemical resistant, brittle

- castings, lay up process for GRP, chair seats

23
Q

Thermoset polymers- Epoxy resin- properties and uses

A
  • rigid, clear, hard, tough

- adhesives, surface coatings, cardiac pacemakers

24
Q

Elastomers- Natural rubber (polyisophrene)- properties and uses

A
  • high tensile strength, long elongation, good hardness

- automotive industry e.g. tyres, tubes, hoses, belts

25
Q

Elastomers- Butadiene rubber (BR)- properties and uses

A
  • tough, excellent wear resistance against friction, good thermal resistance against friction
  • vehicle tyres, shoe soles, toys
26
Q

Elastomers- Neoprene (polychloroprene rubber)- properties and uses

A
  • good thermal resistance, toughness, good oil and chemical reistance, good abrasion resistance
  • wetsuits, laptop cases, hose covers, transmission belts
27
Q

Elastomers- silicone- properties and uses

A
  • good flexibility at low temperatures, poor abrasion resistance, good weather resistance, good lubricating qualities, electrical insulator
  • flexible ice cube trays, beakeware, cooking utensils, mould making, medical uses